matlib同一界面中不同控件之间的数据传递机制

(1)  使用global变量

示例代码

function varargout = global_data(varargin)% GLOBAL_DATA MATLAB code for global_data.fig%      GLOBAL_DATA, by itself, creates a new GLOBAL_DATA or raises the existing%      singleton*.%%      H = GLOBAL_DATA returns the handle to a new GLOBAL_DATA or the handle to%      the existing singleton*.%%      GLOBAL_DATA('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local%      function named CALLBACK in GLOBAL_DATA.M with the given input arguments.%%      GLOBAL_DATA('Property','Value',...) creates a new GLOBAL_DATA or raises the%      existing singleton*.  Starting from the left, property value pairs are%      applied to the GUI before global_data_OpeningFcn gets called.  An%      unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application%      stop.  All inputs are passed to global_data_OpeningFcn via varargin.%%      *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu.  Choose "GUI allows only one%      instance to run (singleton)".%% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES % Edit the above text to modify the response to help global_data % Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 02-Oct-2017 14:11:32 % Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDITgui_Singleton = 1;gui_State = struct('gui_Name',       mfilename, ...                   'gui_Singleton',  gui_Singleton, ...                   'gui_OpeningFcn', @global_data_OpeningFcn, ...                   'gui_OutputFcn',  @global_data_OutputFcn, ...                   'gui_LayoutFcn',  [] , ...                   'gui_Callback',   []);if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})    gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});end if nargout    [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});else   gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});end% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT  % --- Executes just before global_data is made visible.function global_data_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.% hObject    handle to figure% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% varargin   command line arguments to global_data (see VARARGIN) % Choose default command line output for global_datahandles.output = hObject; global times%声明global变量times = 0;%初始化global变量 % Update handles structureguidata(hObject, handles); % UIWAIT makes global_data wait for user response (see UIRESUME)% uiwait(handles.figure1);  % --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.function varargout = global_data_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) % varargout  cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);% hObject    handle to figure% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % Get default command line output from handles structurevarargout{1} = handles.output;  % --- Executes on button press in add.function add_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject    handle to add (see GCBO)% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global times%在函数内部这样声明表示使用global变量times = times + 1;%更新静态文本框中的值,其中disp是静态文本框的tag属性的值set(handles.disp,'String',num2str(times)); % --- Executes on button press in minus.function minus_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject    handle to minus (see GCBO)% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global times%在函数内部这样声明表示使用global变量times = times - 1;%更新静态文本框中的值,其中disp是静态文本框的tag属性的值set(handles.disp,'String',num2str(times));

执行效果

方法总结：使用global变量实现同一窗口中数据传递与C和C++语言中全局变量和局部变量的方式差不多，在全局位置定义以后，可以在函数内部调用，这就是使用global变量实现同一窗口中数据传递的实质。

(2)  使用UserData属性

示例代码

function varargout = userdata_data(varargin)% USERDATA_DATA MATLAB code for userdata_data.fig%      USERDATA_DATA, by itself, creates a new USERDATA_DATA or raises the existing%      singleton*.%%      H = USERDATA_DATA returns the handle to a new USERDATA_DATA or the handle to%      the existing singleton*.%%      USERDATA_DATA('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local%      function named CALLBACK in USERDATA_DATA.M with the given input arguments.%%      USERDATA_DATA('Property','Value',...) creates a new USERDATA_DATA or raises the%      existing singleton*.  Starting from the left, property value pairs are%      applied to the GUI before userdata_data_OpeningFcn gets called.  An%      unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application%      stop.  All inputs are passed to userdata_data_OpeningFcn via varargin.%%      *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu.  Choose "GUI allows only one%      instance to run (singleton)".%% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES % Edit the above text to modify the response to help userdata_data % Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 02-Oct-2017 14:17:13 % Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDITgui_Singleton = 1;gui_State = struct('gui_Name',       mfilename, ...                   'gui_Singleton',  gui_Singleton, ...                   'gui_OpeningFcn', @userdata_data_OpeningFcn, ...                   'gui_OutputFcn',  @userdata_data_OutputFcn, ...                   'gui_LayoutFcn',  [] , ...                   'gui_Callback',   []);if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})    gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});end if nargout    [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});else    gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});end% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT  % --- Executes just before userdata_data is made visible.function userdata_data_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.% hObject    handle to figure% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% varargin   command line arguments to userdata_data (see VARARGIN) % Choose default command line output for userdata_datahandles.output = hObject;%设置pushbutton1的UserData属性的值是0set(handles.pushbutton1,'UserData',0); % Update handles structureguidata(hObject, handles); % UIWAIT makes userdata_data wait for user response (see UIRESUME)% uiwait(handles.figure1);  % --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.function varargout = userdata_data_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) % varargout  cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);% hObject    handle to figure% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % Get default command line output from handles structurevarargout{1} = handles.output;  % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1.function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject    handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%获取pushbutton1的UserData属性的值times = get(handles.pushbutton1,'UserData');times = times + 1;%更新pushbutton1的UserData属性的值set(handles.pushbutton1,'UserData',times);%更新静态文本框的值set(handles.text2,'String',num2str(times)); % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton2.function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject    handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%获取pushbutton1的UserData属性的值times = get(handles.pushbutton1,'UserData');times = times - 1;%更新pushbutton1的UserData属性的值set(handles.pushbutton1,'UserData',times);%更新静态文本框的值set(handles.text2,'String',num2str(times));

执行效果

方法总结：使用UserData属性进行同一窗口中不同控件之间的数据传递的实质是，借助一个中间变量UserData完成数据传递。

(3)  使用AppData

示例代码

function varargout = appdata_data(varargin)% APPDATA_DATA MATLAB code for appdata_data.fig%      APPDATA_DATA, by itself, creates a new APPDATA_DATA or raises the existing%      singleton*.%%      H = APPDATA_DATA returns the handle to a new APPDATA_DATA or the handle to%      the existing singleton*.%%      APPDATA_DATA('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local%      function named CALLBACK in APPDATA_DATA.M with the given input arguments.%%      APPDATA_DATA('Property','Value',...) creates a new APPDATA_DATA or raises the%      existing singleton*.  Starting from the left, property value pairs are%      applied to the GUI before appdata_data_OpeningFcn gets called.  An%      unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application%      stop.  All inputs are passed to appdata_data_OpeningFcn via varargin.%%      *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu.  Choose "GUI allows only one%      instance to run (singleton)".%% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES % Edit the above text to modify the response to help appdata_data % Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 02-Oct-2017 14:29:34 % Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDITgui_Singleton = 1;gui_State = struct('gui_Name',       mfilename, ...                   'gui_Singleton',  gui_Singleton, ...                   'gui_OpeningFcn', @appdata_data_OpeningFcn, ...                   'gui_OutputFcn',  @appdata_data_OutputFcn, ...                   'gui_LayoutFcn',  [] , ...                   'gui_Callback',   []);if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})    gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});end if nargout    [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});else    gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});end% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT  % --- Executes just before appdata_data is made visible.function appdata_data_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.% hObject    handle to figure% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% varargin   command line arguments to appdata_data (see VARARGIN) % Choose default command line output for appdata_datahandles.output = hObject;%设置appdata的初始变量为0 setappdata(handles.figure1,'times',0);  % Update handles structureguidata(hObject, handles); % UIWAIT makes appdata_data wait for user response (see UIRESUME)% uiwait(handles.figure1);  % --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.function varargout = appdata_data_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) % varargout  cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);% hObject    handle to figure% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % Get default command line output from handles structurevarargout{1} = handles.output;  % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1.function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject    handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%获取times变量的值times = getappdata(handles.figure1,'times');times = times + 1;%更新times变量的值setappdata(handles.figure1,'times',times);%更新静态文本框中的值set(handles.text2,'String',num2str(times)); % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton2.function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject    handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%获取times变量的值times = getappdata(handles.figure1,'times');times = times + 1;%更新times变量的值setappdata(handles.figure1,'times',times);%更新静态文本框中的值set(handles.text2,'String',num2str(times));

执行效果

方法小结：使用appdata方式实现同一窗口中不同控件之间的数据传递是通过setappdata和getappdata实现变量的设置和获取，从而实现不同的控件之间的数据传递。

(4)使用GUI数据

示例代码

function varargout = guidata_data(varargin)% GUIDATA_DATA MATLAB code for guidata_data.fig%      GUIDATA_DATA, by itself, creates a new GUIDATA_DATA or raises the existing%      singleton*.%%      H = GUIDATA_DATA returns the handle to a new GUIDATA_DATA or the handle to%      the existing singleton*.%%      GUIDATA_DATA('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local%      function named CALLBACK in GUIDATA_DATA.M with the given input arguments.%%      GUIDATA_DATA('Property','Value',...) creates a new GUIDATA_DATA or raises the%      existing singleton*.  Starting from the left, property value pairs are%      applied to the GUI before guidata_data_OpeningFcn gets called.  An%      unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application%      stop.  All inputs are passed to guidata_data_OpeningFcn via varargin.%%      *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu.  Choose "GUI allows only one%      instance to run (singleton)".%% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES % Edit the above text to modify the response to help guidata_data % Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 02-Oct-2017 15:01:16 % Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDITgui_Singleton = 1;gui_State = struct('gui_Name',       mfilename, ...                   'gui_Singleton',  gui_Singleton, ...                   'gui_OpeningFcn', @guidata_data_OpeningFcn, ...                   'gui_OutputFcn',  @guidata_data_OutputFcn, ...                   'gui_LayoutFcn',  [] , ...                   'gui_Callback',   []);if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})    gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});end if nargout    [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});else    gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});end% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT  % --- Executes just before guidata_data is made visible.function guidata_data_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.% hObject    handle to figure% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% varargin   command line arguments to guidata_data (see VARARGIN) % Choose default command line output for guidata_datahandles.output = hObject;%初始化handles的times属性的值是0handles.times = 0; % Update handles structureguidata(hObject, handles); % UIWAIT makes guidata_data wait for user response (see UIRESUME)% uiwait(handles.figure1);  % --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.function varargout = guidata_data_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) % varargout  cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);% hObject    handle to figure% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % Get default command line output from handles structurevarargout{1} = handles.output;  % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1.function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject    handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%通过handles结构体访问times属性并更新timeshandles.times = handles.times + 1;%更新handles结构体guidata(hObject, handles);%更新静态文本框的值set(handles.text2,'String',num2str(handles.times)); % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton2.function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject    handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%通过handles结构体访问times属性并更新timeshandles.times = handles.times - 1;%更新handles结构体guidata(hObject, handles);%更新静态文本框的值set(handles.text2,'String',num2str(handles.times));

执行效果

方法总结：使用gui数据实现同一窗体不同的控件之间的数据传递，实质是借助handles结构体完成数据传递。

备注：程序源代码来自21世纪电子论坛matlib教学视频