Python（0）：Python基础知识

1：输入输出；

2：Python变量类型（字符串、列表、元组、字典）；

3：运算符；

4：运算符“in”“not in”；

5：身份运算符：“is”“is not”；

6：while循环、猜大小游戏（基于while）；

7：for循环；

8：时间time、日历calendar；

9：自定义一个函数；

10：命名空间和作用域；

11：文本读写

#coding=utf-8   #编码（以支持中文）import random   #随机import time     #时间import calendar #日历'''#***1******输出***********#print"你好";#***1******输入***********#print 'input:'str = input()print str''''''#***2****Python变量类型***********##1#字符串--Stringstr = 'hello world'print strprint str[0]print str[2:5]print str[2:]print str*2print str+"test"#2#列表--List（有序的对象集合）--[]--类似数组list = ['runoob',123,2.23,'john',79.2]tinylist = [345,'john']print list  print list[0]print list[1:3]print list[2:]print tinylist*2print list+tinylist#3#元组--tuple--（逗号隔开）--不能二次赋值tuple = ('runoob',789,2.23,'john',23.3)tinytuple = (689,'john')print tupleprint tuple[0]print tuple[1:3]print tuple[2:]print tinytuple*3print tuple+tinytuple#4#字典--dictionary(无序的对象组合)--{'a':'b'}--键值对dict = {}dict['one'] = "this is one"dict[2] = "this is two"tinydict = {'name': 'john','code':6785,'dept':'scales'}print dict['one']print dict[2]print tinydictprint tinydict.keys()print tinydict.values()''''''#***3*****运算符***********#a = 21b = 10c = 0if(a == b):    print "1- a=b"else:    print "1- a!=b"''''''#***4****运算符“in”“not in”************#a = 10b = 20list = [1,2,3,4,5];if(a in list):    print "*--a is in list"else:    print "*--a is not in list"''''''#***5****身份运算符：“is”“is not”************#a = 20b = 20if(a is b):    print "a is b"else:    print "a is not b"''''''#***6***while循环**************#numbers =  [12,37,5,42,8,3]even = []odd = []while len(numbers)>0:    number = numbers.pop()    if(number % 2 == 0):        even.append(number)        #continue    else:        odd.append(number)        #break#else使用条件必须是while不成立了，break跳出时若依旧成立则else不执行else: print "while end"print numbersprint evenprint odd''''''#***6********猜大小游戏**************#s = int(random.uniform(1,10))print sm = int(raw_input('input integer:'))while m != s:    if m > s :        print('>')        m = int(input('input integer'))    if m < s :        print('<')        m = int(input('input integer'))    if m == s:        print('=')        m = int(input('input integer'))        break;''''''#***7***for循环*********#for letter in 'python':    print 'now:',letterfruits = ['banana','apple','mango']for fruit in fruits:    print 'now:',fruitfor index in range(len(fruits)):    print 'now:',fruits[index]for num in range(10,20):    for i in range(2,num):        if num%i == 0:            j = num / i            print '%d = %d * %d' % (num,i,j)            break    else:            print num,'is prime'''''''i = 2while(i<100):    j = 2    while(j <= (i/j)):        if not(i%j):            break        j = j+1    if j>(i/j) :        print i,'is a prime number'    i = i+1''''''#***8******时间***********#ticks = time.time() #当前时间戳print 'now:',tickslocaltime = time.localtime(ticks)print 'localtime:',localtimeprint '%dyear:%dmonth:%dday:%dhour:%dminute:%dsecond'%(localtime[0],    localtime[1],localtime[2],localtime[3],localtime[4],localtime[5])localtime = time.asctime(localtime)print 'now:',localtimeprint time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",time.localtime())cal = calendar.month(2017,8)print cal''''''#***9******自定义一个函数***********#def printme(str):    "print str" #此函数的文档说明    print str   #执行语句    return printme("hello")    #调用自定义的函数''''''#***10******命名空间和作用域***********##Python 会智能地猜测一个变量是局部的还是全局的，#它假设任何在函数内赋值的变量都是局部的。#因此，如果要给函数内的全局变量赋值，必须使用 global 语句。money = 2000def AddMoney():    global money    money = money + 1print moneyAddMoney()print money''''''#***11******文本读写***********##fo = open("foo.txt",'wb+')fo = open("F:\\Python\\Project\\1test\\foo.txt","rb+")print 'name:',fo.name   print 'is close?:',fo.closedprint 'access mode:',fo.mode   print 'add space force',fo.softspacefo.write("12kjhkl3\r\n");fo.write("\n4534\nojoj\n");#print fo.read(10)fo.close'''