Linux-tomcat的集群部署

来源：互联网发布：天下3 知乎编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/06/06 09:39

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<pre id="best-answer-content" class="reply-text mb10" style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; font-family:Arial; white-space:pre-wrap; word-wrap:break-word; zoom:1; line-height:22px" name="code"><span style="font-family:Verdana,Helvetica,Arial; font-size:12px; color:#303030">环境：
操作系统均为：CentOS 5.1
Apache2.X服务器一台：IP地址192.168.232.4；安装路径/usr/local/apache；
Tomcat6服务器一台：IP地址192.168.232.5；安装路径/usr/local/tomcat；
Tomcat6服务器一台：IP地址192.168.232.6；安装路径/usr/local/tomcat；

配置：
Apache安装：
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-modules=so --enable-mods-shared=all --enable-proxy --enable-proxy-connect --enable-proxy-ftp --enable-proxy-http --enable-proxy-ajp --enable-proxy-balancer --enable-rewrite
注释：激活tomcat集群需要的 enable-proxy，enable-proxy-http，enable-proxy-connect，enable-proxy-ajp和enable-proxy-balancer，其中proxy-ajp和proxy-balancer必须依赖proxy，如果是自定义的编译除了以上几个必须的模块外，mod_status也要编译进去，切记。enable-proxy-ftp可以不编译。
#make;make install

制作Apache启动项：
#cp support/apachectl /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd
#vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd
添加以下内容：（包括＃号）
# Startup script for the Apache Web Server
# chkconfig: 2345 85 15
# description: Apache is a World Wide Web server .It is used to server
# HTML files and CGI.
# processname: httpd
# pidfile: /usr/local/apache/log/httpd.pid
# config: /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
增加服务项
#chkconfig --add httpd
#chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd
#chkconfig --level 345 httpd on

JDK安装：
#chmod a+x jdk-6u4-linux-i586-rpm.bin
#./jdk-6u4-linux-i586-rpm.bin

JAVA环境变量设置：
#vi /etc/profile
在文件最后添加以下内容：
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_04
CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar
PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
export JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH PATH CATALINA_HOME
执行如下命令使环境变量生效：
source /etc/profile
测试配置是否成功：
java –version

Tomcat安装：
#wget [url]<a href="http://apache.mirror.phpchina.com/tomcat/tomcat-6/v6.0.16/bin/apache-tomcat-6.0.16.tar.gz" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(19,61,182)">http://apache.mirror.phpchina.com/tomcat/tomcat-6/v6.0.16/bin/apache-tomcat-6.0.16.tar.gz</a>[/url]
#tar zxvf apache-tomcat-6.0.16.tar.gz
#mv apache-tomcat-6.0.16 /usr/local/tomcat

Tomcat随机启动：
#vi /etc/rc.local
添加以下内容：
/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh

tomcat6配置文件server.xml：
把

<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
改成


<Engine name="Standalone" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcatX">

说明：
第一台tomcat就把jvmRoute="tomcat1"
第二台tomcat就把jvmRoute="tomcat2"

把

去掉注释变为
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>
***群集详细配置***
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
channelSendOptions="8">

<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>

<Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
<Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
address="228.0.0.4"
port="45564"
frequency="500"
dropTime="3000"/>
<Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
address="auto"
port="4000"
autoBind="100"
selectorTimeout="5000"
maxThreads="6"/>

<Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
<Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
</Sender>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>
</Channel>

<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
filter=""/>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/>

<Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
watchEnabled="false"/>

<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener"/>
<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
</Cluster>

配置应用的web.xml：
在每个webapps应用中,修改配置文件web.xml文件添加元素<distributable/>
在web.xml文件中<web-app>元素下增加以下内容：

<distributable/>
具体修改如下:
修改前:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<web-app xmlns="[url]<a href="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(19,61,182)">http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee</a>[/url]"
xmlns:xsi="<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(19,61,182)">http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance</a>"
xsi:schemaLocation="<a href="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(19,61,182)">http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee</a> [url]<a href="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(19,61,182)">http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd</a>[/url]"
version="2.5">
</web-app>
修改后:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<web-app xmlns="[url]<a href="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(19,61,182)">http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee</a>[/url]"
xmlns:xsi="<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(19,61,182)">http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance</a>"
xsi:schemaLocation="<a href="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(19,61,182)">http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee</a> [url]<a href="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(19,61,182)">http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd</a>[/url]"
version="2.5">

<distributable/>
</web-app>
配置apache的ajp负载均衡功能：
确保将以下Module的注释去掉
LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so
LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so
LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so
LoadModule proxy_ajp_module modules/mod_proxy_ajp.so
LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so
LoadModule status_module modules/mod_status.so
增加以下内容：
# Proxypass Config
Include conf/extra/httpd-modproxy.conf
建立文件httpd-modproxy.conf输入内容：
<Location /server-status>
SetHandler server-status
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from all
Allow from all
</Location>
<Location /balancer-manager>
SetHandler balancer-manager
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from all
Allow from all
</Location>
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPass / balancer://tomcatcluster stickysession=jsessionid nofailover=On

<Proxy balancer://tomcatcluster>
BalancerMember [url]<a href="http://192.168.232.5:8080/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(19,61,182)">http://192.168.232.5:8080</a>[/url] loadfactor=1
BalancerMember [url]<a href="http://192.168.232.6:8080/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(19,61,182)">http://192.168.232.6:8080</a>[/url] loadfactor=2
</Proxy>
注释：
ProxyRequests Off 表示启用反向代理，必须开启；
ProxyPass为代理转发的Url,即将所有访问/的请求转发到群集balancer://tomcatcluster，这里为/即将所有访问/的请求转发到群集balancer://tomcatcluster的/test目录；
BalancerMember为群集的成员,即群集服务器1或2,负载均衡服务器会根据均衡规则来将请求转发给BalancerMember；

调试负载均衡集群系统：
访问apache服务器的web服务：[url]<a href="http://192.168.232.4/balancer-manager" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(19,61,182)">http://192.168.232.4/balancer-manager</a>[/url]
如果显示负载均衡有关信息则说明成功了，接着可以访问[url]<a href="http://192.168.232.4/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(19,61,182)">http://192.168.232.4/</a>[/url]即访问到了tomcat的应用
***必须先启动Tomcat服务再启动Apache服务！***

参考文档：
[url]<a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-6.0-doc/cluster-howto.html" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(19,61,182)">http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-6.0-doc/cluster-howto.html</a>[/url]
[url]<a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-6.0-doc/balancer-howto.html" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(19,61,182)">http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-6.0-doc/balancer-howto.html</a>[/url]
[url]<a href="http://man.chinaunix.net/newsoft/ApacheMenual_CN_2.2new/mod/mod_proxy.html" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(19,61,182)">http://man.chinaunix.net/newsoft/ApacheMenual_CN_2.2new/mod/mod_proxy.html</a>[/url]
[url]<a href="http://man.chinaunix.net/newsoft/ApacheMenual_CN_2.2new/mod/mod_proxy_balancer.html" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(19,61,182)">http://man.chinaunix.net/newsoft/ApacheMenual_CN_2.2new/mod/mod_proxy_balancer.html</a>[/url]</span></pre>
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