543. Diameter of Binary Tree (二叉树的直径)

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Given a binary tree, you need to compute the length of the diameter of the tree. The diameter of a binary tree is the length of the longestpath between any two nodes in a tree. This path may or may not pass through the root.

Example:
Given a binary tree

      1     / \    2   3   / \       4   5    

Return 3, which is the length of the path [4,2,1,3] or [5,2,1,3].

Note: The length of path between two nodes is represented by the number of edges between them.

这道题让我们求二叉树的直径,并告诉了我们直径就是两点之间的最远距离,根据题目中的例子也不难理解题意。我们再来仔细观察例子中的那两个最长路径[4,2,1,3] 和 [5,2,1,3],我们转换一种角度来看,是不是其实就是根结点1的左右两个子树的深度之和再加1呢。那么我们只要对每一个结点求出其左右子树深度之和,再加上1就可以更新结果res了。为了减少重复计算,我们用哈希表建立每个结点和其深度之间的映射,这样某个结点的深度之前计算过了,就不用再次计算了,参见代码如下:

解法一:

class Solution {public:    int diameterOfBinaryTree(TreeNode* root) {        if (!root) return 0;        int res = getHeight(root->left) + getHeight(root->right);        return max(res, max(diameterOfBinaryTree(root->left), diameterOfBinaryTree(root->right)));    }    int getHeight(TreeNode* node) {        if (!node) return 0;        if (m.count(node)) return m[node];        int h = 1 + max(getHeight(node->left), getHeight(node->right));        return m[node] = h;    }private:    unordered_map<TreeNode*, int> m;};

上面的方法貌似有两个递归函数,其实我们只需要用一个递归函数就可以了,我们再求深度的递归函数中顺便就把直径算出来了,而且貌似不用进行优化也能通过OJ,参见代码如下:

解法二:

class Solution {public:    int diameterOfBinaryTree(TreeNode* root) {        int res = 0;        maxDepth(root, res);        return res;    }    int maxDepth(TreeNode* node, int& res) {        if (!node) return 0;        int left = maxDepth(node->left, res);        int right = maxDepth(node->right, res);        res = max(res, left + right);        return max(left, right) + 1;    }};

虽说不用进行优化也能通过OJ,但是毕竟还是优化一下好一点啊,参见代码如下:

解法三:

class Solution {public:    int diameterOfBinaryTree(TreeNode* root) {        int res = 0;        maxDepth(root, res);        return res;    }    int maxDepth(TreeNode* node, int& res) {        if (!node) return 0;        if (m.count(node)) return m[node];        int left = maxDepth(node->left, res);        int right = maxDepth(node->right, res);        res = max(res, left + right);        return m[node] = (max(left, right) + 1);    }private:    unordered_map<TreeNode*, int> m;};

笔记:递归调用,使用哈希表优化结构。