spring mvc demo案例

spring mvc 介绍

Spring MVC属于SpringFrameWork的后续产品，已经融合在Spring Web Flow里面。Spring 框架提供了构建 Web 应用程序的全功能 MVC 模块。使用 Spring 可插入的 MVC 架构，从而在使用Spring进行WEB开发时，可以选择使用Spring的SpringMVC框架或集成其他MVC开发框架，如Struts1，Struts2等。

开始实践demo，步骤如下：

步骤1.前提，创建maven project ：参考地址 --》 http://blog.csdn.net/u013013553/article/details/78202361

步骤2. 项目目录结构

步骤3：pom.xml的编写

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>springmvcdemo</groupId><artifactId>springmvcdemo</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><packaging>war</packaging><name>springmvcdemo</name><description /><properties><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-web</artifactId><version>3.2.9.RELEASE</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId><version>3.2.9.RELEASE</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>javax</groupId><artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId><version>7.0</version><scope>provided</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId><artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</artifactId><version>1.2.2</version></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><plugin><artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId><version>2.3.2</version><configuration><source>1.7</source><target>1.7</target></configuration></plugin><plugin><artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId><version>2.2</version><configuration><version>3.1</version><failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml></configuration></plugin></plugins></build></project>

步骤4： web.xml的编写

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">  <display-name>springmvcdemo</display-name>      <servlet>          <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>          <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>          <init-param>              <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>              <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value>          </init-param>          <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>      </servlet>        <servlet-mapping>          <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>          <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>      </servlet-mapping>    </web-app>

步骤5：applicationContext.xml的编写

context:component-scan节点，此节点有两个属性base-package属性告诉spring要扫描的包，use-default-filters="false"表示不要使用默认的过滤器，此处的默认过滤器，会扫描包含Service,Component,Repository,Controller注解修饰的类

<context:component-scan base-package="com.demo" /> 

<!-- 处理在类级别上的@RequestMapping注解 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping" />

<!-- 处理方法级别上的@RequestMapping注解 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter" />

<!--ModelAndView对象中的view对象，可以使用字符串来让Spring框架进行解析获得适合的视图。而解析View的就是ViewResolver技术。
InternalResourceViewResolver将逻辑视图名字解析为一个路径-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd">     <context:component-scan base-package="com.demo" />     <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping" />    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter" />         <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />    </bean> </beans>

步骤6：实体类的编写， Student.java

package com.demo.model;import java.io.Serializable;public class Student implements Serializable{private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;     private Integer id;    private String name; public Integer getId() {return id;}public void setId(Integer id) {this.id = id;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}    @Override    public String toString() {        return "Student [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";    }}

步骤7：数据库操作接口的编写，StudentDao.java

package com.demo.dao;import java.util.List;import com.demo.model.Student;public interface StudentDao {public List<Student> getAllStudents();}

步骤8：实现上面StudentDao接口，StudentDaoImpl.java

package com.demo.dao;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;import com.demo.model.Student;//@Repository用于标注数据访问组件，即DAO组件@Repository  public class StudentDaoImpl implements StudentDao {@Overridepublic List<Student> getAllStudents() {List<Student> students = new ArrayList<Student>();                Student stu1 = new Student();        stu1.setId(1);        stu1.setName("Zhang San");        students.add(stu1);                 Student stu2 = new Student();        stu2.setId(2);        stu2.setName("Li Si");        students.add(stu2);                 return students;}}

步骤9：service层的编写，调用刚刚dao的实现，这里也是serviceceng的接口，StudentManager.java

package com.demo.service;import java.util.List;import com.demo.model.Student;public interface StudentManager {public List<Student> getAllStudents();}

步骤10：service层的实现，实现上面service层的接口,StudentManagerImpl.java

package com.demo.service;import java.util.List;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import com.demo.dao.StudentDao;import com.demo.model.Student;@Servicepublic class StudentManagerImpl implements StudentManager {@AutowiredStudentDao dao;public List<Student> getAllStudents() {return dao.getAllStudents();}}

步骤11：controller层的编写，接受前端传来的请求，调用service层，StudentController.java

package com.demo.controller;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.ui.Model;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;import com.demo.service.StudentManager;//@Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中，bean 的ID 默认为类名称开头字母小写@Controller@RequestMapping("/student-module")public class StudentController {// @Autowired 根据bean 类型从spring 上线文中进行查找，注册类型必须唯一，否则报异常。@Autowired    StudentManager manager;//@RequestMapping 可以声明到类或方法上    @RequestMapping(value = "/getStudentInfo", method = RequestMethod.GET)    public String getStudentInfo(Model model) {        model.addAttribute("students", manager.getAllStudents());        return "showStudentInfo";    }}

步骤12： 编写前端jsp页面， showStudentInfo.jsp，这个jsp文件存在于views文件夹下，其配置在applicationcontext.xml文件中<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">已经指定了。

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GB18030"    pageEncoding="GB18030"%><%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%><%@ taglib prefix="fmt" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt"%><html><head>    <title>Spring MVC Demo</title></head> <body>    <h2>All Students</h2>     <table border="1">        <tr>            <th>Student Id</th>            <th>Student Name</th>        </tr>        <c:forEach items="${students}" var="student">            <tr>                <td>${student.id}</td>                <td>${student.name}</td>            </tr>        </c:forEach>    </table> </body></html>

步骤13： 将项目部署到tomcat服务器上

步骤14： 通过浏览器进行访问 ， http://localhost:8080/springmvcdemo/student-module/getStudentInfo，得到结果

github项目地址： https://github.com/heimohe/springmvc_demo/