boost::intrusive_ptr原理介绍

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boost::intrusive_ptr原理介绍

boost::intrusive_ptr一种“侵入式”的引用计数指针,它实际并不提供引用计数功能,而是要求被存储的对象自己实现引用计数功能,并提供intrusive_ptr_add_refintrusive_ptr_release函数接口供boost::intrusive_ptr调用。

下面通过一个具体的例子来说明boost::intrusive_ptr的用法,首先实现一个基类intrusive_ptr_base,定义intrusive_ptr_add_ref和intrusive_ptr_release函数来提供引用计数功能。

/*** intrusive_ptr_base基类,提供intrusive_ptr_add_ref()和intrusive_ptr_release()函数来提供引用计数功能;* 使用boost::intrusive_ptr指针存储的用户类类型必须继承自intrusive_ptr_base基类。*/#include <ostream>#include <boost/checked_delete.hpp>#include <boost/detail/atomic_count.hpp>template<class T>class intrusive_ptr_base {public:/*** 缺省构造函数*/intrusive_ptr_base(): ref_count(0) {std::cout << "  Default constructor " << std::endl;}/*** 不允许拷贝构造,只能使用intrusive_ptr来构造另一个intrusive_ptr*/intrusive_ptr_base(intrusive_ptr_base<T> const&): ref_count(0) {std::cout << "  Copy constructor..." << std::endl;}/*** 不允许进行赋值操作*/intrusive_ptr_base& operator=(intrusive_ptr_base const& rhs) {std::cout << "  Assignment operator..." << std::endl;return *this;}/*** 递增引用计数(放到基类中以便compiler能找到,否则需要放到boost名字空间中)*/friend void intrusive_ptr_add_ref(intrusive_ptr_base<T> const* s) {std::cout << "  intrusive_ptr_add_ref..." << std::endl;assert(s->ref_count >= 0);assert(s != 0);++s->ref_count;}/*** 递减引用计数*/friend void intrusive_ptr_release(intrusive_ptr_base<T> const* s) {std::cout << "  intrusive_ptr_release..." << std::endl;assert(s->ref_count > 0);assert(s != 0);if (--s->ref_count == 0)boost::checked_delete(static_cast<T const*>(s));//s的实际类型就是T,intrusive_ptr_base<T>为基类}/*** 类似于shared_from_this()函数*/boost::intrusive_ptr<T> self() {return boost::intrusive_ptr<T>((T*)this);}boost::intrusive_ptr<const T> self() const {return boost::intrusive_ptr<const T>((T const*)this);}int refcount() const {return ref_count;}private:///should be modifiable even from const intrusive_ptr objectsmutable boost::detail::atomic_count ref_count;};

用户类类型需要继承intrusive_ptr_base基类,以便具有引用计数功能。

#include <iostream>#include <string>#include <boost/intrusive_ptr.hpp>#include "intrusive_ptr_base.hpp"/*** 用户类类型继承自intrusive_ptr_base,该实现方式类似于boost::enable_shared_from_this<Y>*/class Connection : public intrusive_ptr_base< Connection > {public:/*** 构造函数,调用intrusive_ptr_base< Connection >的缺省构造函数来初始化对象的基类部分*/Connection(int id, std::string tag):connection_id( id ), connection_tag( tag ) {}/*** 拷贝构造函数,只复制自身数据,不能复制引用计数部分*/Connection(const Connection& rhs):connection_id( rhs.connection_id ), connection_tag( rhs.connection_tag) {}/*** 赋值操作,同样不能复制引用计数部分*/const Connection operator=( const Connection& rhs) {if (this != &rhs) {connection_id = rhs.connection_id;connection_tag = rhs.connection_tag;}return *this;}private:int connection_id;std::string connection_tag;};int main() {std::cout << "Create an intrusive ptr" << std::endl;boost::intrusive_ptr< Connection > con0 (new Connection(4, "sss") );//调用intrusive_ptr_add_ref()递增引用计数std::cout << "Create an intrusive ptr. Refcount = " << con0->refcount() << std::endl;boost::intrusive_ptr< Connection > con1 (con0);//调用intrusive_ptr_add_ref()std::cout << "Create an intrusive ptr. Refcount = " << con1->refcount() << std::endl;boost::intrusive_ptr< Connection > con2 = con0;//调用intrusive_ptr_add_ref()std::cout << "Create an intrusive ptr. Refcount = " << con2->refcount() << std::endl;std::cout << "Destroy an intrusive ptr" << std::endl;return 0;}

程序运行输出:

Create an intrusive ptr
  Default constructor
  intrusive_ptr_add_ref...
Create an intrusive ptr. Refcount = 1
  intrusive_ptr_add_ref...
Create an intrusive ptr. Refcount = 2
  intrusive_ptr_add_ref...
Create an intrusive ptr. Refcount = 3
Destroy an intrusive ptr
  intrusive_ptr_release...
  intrusive_ptr_release...
  intrusive_ptr_release...

 


对比boost::shared_ptr

使用boost::shared_ptr用户类本省不需要具有引用计数功能,而是由boost::shared_ptr来提供;使用boost::shared_ptr的一大陷阱就是用一个raw pointer多次创建boost::shared_ptr,这将导致该raw pointer被多次销毁当boost::shared_ptr析构时。即不能如下使用:

  int *a = new int(5);
  boost::shared_ptr ptr1(a);
  boost::shared_ptr ptr2(a);  //错误! 
 
boost::intrusive_ptr完全具备boost::shared_ptr的功能,且不存在shared_ptr的问题,即可以利用raw pointer创建多个intrusive _ptr,其原因就在于引用计数的ref_count对象,shared_ptr是放在shared_ptr结构里,而目标对象T通过继承intrusive_ptr_base将引用计数作为T对象的内部成员变量,就不会出现同一个对象有两个引用计数器的情况出现。
 

 

那么为什么通常鼓励大家使用shared_ptr,而不是intrusive_ptr呢, 在于shared_ptr不是侵入性的,可以指向任意类型的对象; 而intrusive_ptr所要指向的对象,需要继承intrusive_ptr_base,即使不需要,引用计数成员也会被创建。

  

结论:如果创建新类且需要进行传递,则继承intrusive_ptr_base,使用intrusive_ptr。
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