Spring(AbstractRoutingDataSource)实现动态数据源切换

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pring(AbstractRoutingDataSource)实现动态数据源切换--转载

原始出处:http://linhongyu.blog.51cto.com/6373370/1615895

一、前言

    近期一项目A需实现数据同步到另一项目B数据库中,在不改变B项目的情况下,只好选择项目A中切换数据源,直接把数据写入项目B的数据库中。这种需求,在数据同步与定时任务中经常需要。

    那么问题来了,该如何解决多数据源问题呢?不光是要配置多个数据源,还得能灵活动态的切换数据源。以spring+hibernate框架项目为例(引用:http://blog.csdn.net/wangpeng047/article/details/8866239博客的图片):

    

    单个数据源绑定给sessionFactory,再在Dao层操作,若多个数据源的话,那不是就成了下图:

    

    可见,sessionFactory都写死在了Dao层,若我再添加个数据源的话,则又得添加一个sessionFactory。所以比较好的做法应该是下图:

    接下来就为大家讲解下如何用spring来整合这些数据源,同样以spring+hibernate配置为例。

 

二、实现原理

    1、扩展Spring的AbstractRoutingDataSource抽象类(该类充当了DataSource的路由中介, 能有在运行时, 根据某种key值来动态切换到真正的DataSource上。)

    从AbstractRoutingDataSource的源码中:

public abstract class AbstractRoutingDataSource extends AbstractDataSource implements InitializingBean
 

    我们可以看到,它继承了AbstractDataSource,而AbstractDataSource不就是javax.sql.DataSource的子类,So我们可以分析下它的getConnection方法:

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public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {      return determineTargetDataSource().getConnection();  }     public Connection getConnection(String username, String password) throws SQLException {       return determineTargetDataSource().getConnection(username, password);  }
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    获取连接的方法中,重点是determineTargetDataSource()方法,看源码:

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/**      * Retrieve the current target DataSource. Determines the      * {@link #determineCurrentLookupKey() current lookup key}, performs      * a lookup in the {@link #setTargetDataSources targetDataSources} map,      * falls back to the specified      * {@link #setDefaultTargetDataSource default target DataSource} if necessary.      * @see #determineCurrentLookupKey()      */      protected DataSource determineTargetDataSource() {          Assert.notNull(this.resolvedDataSources, "DataSource router not initialized");          Object lookupKey = determineCurrentLookupKey();          DataSource dataSource = this.resolvedDataSources.get(lookupKey);          if (dataSource == null && (this.lenientFallback || lookupKey == null)) {              dataSource = this.resolvedDefaultDataSource;          }          if (dataSource == null) {              throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot determine target DataSource for lookup key [" + lookupKey + "]");          }          return dataSource;      }
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    上面这段源码的重点在于determineCurrentLookupKey()方法,这是AbstractRoutingDataSource类中的一个抽象方法,而它的返回值是你所要用的数据源dataSource的key值,有了这个key值,resolvedDataSource(这是个map,由配置文件中设置好后存入的)就从中取出对应的DataSource,如果找不到,就用配置默认的数据源。

    看完源码,应该有点启发了吧,没错!你要扩展AbstractRoutingDataSource类,并重写其中的determineCurrentLookupKey()方法,来实现数据源的切换:

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package com.datasource.test.util.database; import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.lookup.AbstractRoutingDataSource; /** * 获取数据源(依赖于spring) * @author linhy */public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource{    @Override    protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {        return DataSourceHolder.getDataSource();    }}
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    DataSourceHolder这个类则是我们自己封装的对数据源进行操作的类:

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package com.datasource.test.util.database; /** * 数据源操作 * @author linhy */public class DataSourceHolder {    //线程本地环境    private static final ThreadLocal<String> dataSources = new ThreadLocal<String>();    //设置数据源    public static void setDataSource(String customerType) {        dataSources.set(customerType);    }    //获取数据源    public static String getDataSource() {        return (String) dataSources.get();    }    //清除数据源    public static void clearDataSource() {        dataSources.remove();    } }
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    2、有人就要问,那你setDataSource这方法是要在什么时候执行呢?当然是在你需要切换数据源的时候执行啦。手动在代码中调用写死吗?这是多蠢的方法,当然要让它动态咯。所以我们可以应用spring aop来设置,把配置的数据源类型都设置成为注解标签,在service层中需要切换数据源的方法上,写上注解标签,调用相应方法切换数据源咯(就跟你设置事务一样):

@DataSource(name=DataSource.slave1)public List getProducts(){

 当然,注解标签的用法可能很少人用到,但它可是个好东西哦,大大的帮助了我们开发:

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package com.datasource.test.util.database; import java.lang.annotation.*; @Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)@Documentedpublic @interface DataSource {    String name() default DataSource.master;     public static String master = "dataSource1";     public static String slave1 = "dataSource2";     public static String slave2 = "dataSource3"; }
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三、配置文件

    为了精简篇幅,省略了无关本内容主题的配置。

    项目中单独分离出application-database.xml,关于数据源配置的文件。

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!-- Spring 数据库相关配置 放在这里 --><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd">     <bean id = "dataSource1" class = "com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.optional.MysqlDataSource">           <property name="url" value="${db1.url}"/>        <property name = "user" value = "${db1.user}"/>        <property name = "password" value = "${db1.pwd}"/>        <property name="autoReconnect" value="true"/>        <property name="useUnicode"  value="true"/>        <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>    </bean>     <bean id = "dataSource2" class = "com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.optional.MysqlDataSource">        <property name="url" value="${db2.url}"/>        <property name = "user" value = "${db2.user}"/>        <property name = "password" value = "${db2.pwd}"/>        <property name="autoReconnect" value="true"/>        <property name="useUnicode"  value="true"/>        <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>    </bean>     <bean id = "dataSource3" class = "com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.optional.MysqlDataSource">        <property name="url" value="${db3.url}"/>        <property name = "user" value = "${db3.user}"/>        <property name = "password" value = "${db3.pwd}"/>        <property name="autoReconnect" value="true"/>        <property name="useUnicode"  value="true"/>        <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>    </bean>    <!-- 配置多数据源映射关系 -->    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.datasource.test.util.database.DynamicDataSource">        <property name="targetDataSources">            <map key-type="java.lang.String">        <entry key="dataSource1" value-ref="dataSource1"></entry>                <entry key="dataSource2" value-ref="dataSource2"></entry>                <entry key="dataSource3" value-ref="dataSource3"></entry>            </map>        </property>    <!-- 默认目标数据源为你主库数据源 -->        <property name="defaultTargetDataSource" ref="dataSource1"/>    </bean>     <bean id="sessionFactoryHibernate" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>        <property name="hibernateProperties">            <props>                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">com.datasource.test.util.database.ExtendedMySQLDialect</prop>                <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">${SHOWSQL}</prop>                <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">${SHOWSQL}</prop>                <prop key="query.factory_class">org.hibernate.hql.classic.ClassicQueryTranslatorFactory</prop>                <prop key="hibernate.connection.provider_class">org.hibernate.connection.C3P0ConnectionProvider</prop>                <prop key="hibernate.c3p0.max_size">30</prop>                <prop key="hibernate.c3p0.min_size">5</prop>                <prop key="hibernate.c3p0.timeout">120</prop>                <prop key="hibernate.c3p0.idle_test_period">120</prop>                <prop key="hibernate.c3p0.acquire_increment">2</prop>                <prop key="hibernate.c3p0.validate">true</prop>                <prop key="hibernate.c3p0.max_statements">100</prop>            </props>        </property>    </bean>     <bean id="hibernateTemplate" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate">        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactoryHibernate"/>    </bean>     <bean id="dataSourceExchange" class="com.datasource.test.util.database.DataSourceExchange"/>     <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactoryHibernate"/>    </bean>     <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">        <tx:attributes>            <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="NESTED" rollback-for="Exception"/>            <tx:method name="add*" propagation="NESTED" rollback-for="Exception"/>            <tx:method name="update*" propagation="NESTED" rollback-for="Exception"/>            <tx:method name="modify*" propagation="NESTED" rollback-for="Exception"/>            <tx:method name="edit*" propagation="NESTED" rollback-for="Exception"/>            <tx:method name="del*" propagation="NESTED" rollback-for="Exception"/>            <tx:method name="save*" propagation="NESTED" rollback-for="Exception"/>            <tx:method name="send*" propagation="NESTED" rollback-for="Exception"/>            <tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/>            <tx:method name="find*" read-only="true"/>            <tx:method name="query*" read-only="true"/>            <tx:method name="search*" read-only="true"/>            <tx:method name="select*" read-only="true"/>            <tx:method name="count*" read-only="true"/>        </tx:attributes>    </tx:advice>     <aop:config>        <aop:pointcut id="service" expression="execution(* com.datasource..*.service.*.*(..))"/>        <!-- 关键配置,切换数据源一定要比持久层代码更先执行(事务也算持久层代码) -->        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="service" order="2"/>        <aop:advisor advice-ref="dataSourceExchange" pointcut-ref="service" order="1"/>    </aop:config> </beans>
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四、疑问

    多数据源切换是成功了,但牵涉到事务呢?单数据源事务是ok的,但如果多数据源需要同时使用一个事务呢?这个问题有点头大,网络上有人提出用atomikos开源项目实现JTA分布式事务处理。你怎么看?

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