AngularJS2 学习笔记——TypeScript

一、 创建项目

mkdir angular-quickstartcd angular-quickstart

二、 创建配置文件

• package.json 标记本项目所需的 npm 依赖包。
• tsconfig.json 定义了 TypeScript 编译器如何从项目源文件生成 JavaScript 代码。
• typings.json为那些 TypeScript 编译器无法识别的库提供了额外的定义文件。
• systemjs.config.js 为模块加载器提供了该到哪里查找应用模块的信息，并注册了所有必备的依赖包。 它还包括文档中后面的例子需要用到的包。

package.json

{  "name": "angular-quickstart",  "version": "1.0.0",  "scripts": {    "start": "tsc && concurrently \"npm run tsc:w\" \"npm run lite\" ",    "lite": "lite-server",    "postinstall": "typings install",    "tsc": "tsc",    "tsc:w": "tsc -w",    "typings": "typings"  },  "license": "ISC",  "dependencies": {    "@angular/common": "2.0.0",    "@angular/compiler": "2.0.0",    "@angular/core": "2.0.0",    "@angular/forms": "2.0.0",    "@angular/http": "2.0.0",    "@angular/platform-browser": "2.0.0",    "@angular/platform-browser-dynamic": "2.0.0",    "@angular/router": "3.0.0",    "@angular/upgrade": "2.0.0",    "core-js": "^2.4.1",    "reflect-metadata": "^0.1.3",    "rxjs": "5.0.0-beta.12",    "systemjs": "0.19.27",    "zone.js": "^0.6.23",    "angular2-in-memory-web-api": "0.0.20",    "bootstrap": "^3.3.6"  },  "devDependencies": {    "concurrently": "^2.2.0",    "lite-server": "^2.2.2",    "typescript": "^2.3.4",    "typings":"^1.3.2"  }}

tsconfig.json

{  "compilerOptions": {    "target": "es5",    "module": "commonjs",    "moduleResolution": "node",    "sourceMap": true,    "emitDecoratorMetadata": true,    "experimentalDecorators": true,    "removeComments": false,    "noImplicitAny": false  }}

typings.json

{  "globalDependencies": {    "core-js": "registry:dt/core-js#0.0.0+20160725163759",    "jasmine": "registry:dt/jasmine#2.2.0+20160621224255",    "node": "registry:dt/node#6.0.0+20160909174046"  }}

systemjs.config.js

/** * System configuration for Angular samples * Adjust as necessary for your application needs. */(function (global) {  System.config({    paths: {      // paths serve as alias      'npm:': 'node_modules/'    },    // map tells the System loader where to look for things    map: {      // our app is within the app folder      app: 'app',      // angular bundles      '@angular/core': 'npm:@angular/core/bundles/core.umd.js',      '@angular/common': 'npm:@angular/common/bundles/common.umd.js',      '@angular/compiler': 'npm:@angular/compiler/bundles/compiler.umd.js',      '@angular/platform-browser': 'npm:@angular/platform-browser/bundles/platform-browser.umd.js',      '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic': 'npm:@angular/platform-browser-dynamic/bundles/platform-browser-dynamic.umd.js',      '@angular/http': 'npm:@angular/http/bundles/http.umd.js',      '@angular/router': 'npm:@angular/router/bundles/router.umd.js',      '@angular/forms': 'npm:@angular/forms/bundles/forms.umd.js',      // other libraries      'rxjs':                       'npm:rxjs',      'angular2-in-memory-web-api': 'npm:angular2-in-memory-web-api',    },    // packages tells the System loader how to load when no filename and/or no extension    packages: {      app: {        main: './main.js',        defaultExtension: 'js'      },      rxjs: {        defaultExtension: 'js'      },      'angular2-in-memory-web-api': {        main: './index.js',        defaultExtension: 'js'      }    }  });})(this);

执行命令

cnpm install

生成项目结构：

三、 创建项目

创建app目录

mkdir appcd app

1. 创建app/app.module.ts

import { NgModule }      from '@angular/core';import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';@NgModule({  imports:      [ BrowserModule ]})export class AppModule { }

每个Angular应用至少需要一个root module(根模块)，实例中为AppModule。
上面从@angular/platform-browser中导入BrowserModule并添加到imports数组中。

2. 创建组件并添加到应用中

每个Angular应用都至少有一个根组件，实例中为AppComponent,
app.component.ts

import { Component } from '@angular/core';@Component({  selector: 'my-app',  template: '<h1>我的第一个 Angular 应用</h1>'})export class AppComponent { }

• 上面从@angular2/core引入了Component包。
• @Component是Angular2的装饰器，它会把一份元数据关联到AppCmponent组件类上。
• @view包含了一个template，告诉Angular如何渲染该组件的视图
• export指定了组件可以在文件外使用。

3. 修改app.module.ts，导入新的AppComponent，并把它添加到NgModule装饰器的declarations和bootstrap字段中

import { NgModule }      from '@angular/core';import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';import { AppComponent }   from './app.component';@NgModule({  imports:      [ BrowserModule ],  declarations: [ AppComponent ],  bootstrap:    [ AppComponent ]})export class AppModule { }

4. 启动应用

创建app/main.ts

import { platformBrowserDynamic } from '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic';import { AppModule } from './app.module';const platform = platformBrowserDynamic(); //初始化平台platform.bootstrapModule(AppModule);       //启动AppModule

5. 定义宿主页面

创建index.html

<html>  <head>    <title>Angular 2 实例 - 菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title>    <meta charset="UTF-8">    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">    <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">    <!-- 1. 载入库 -->    <!-- IE 需要 polyfill -->    <script src="node_modules/core-js/client/shim.min.js"></script>    <script src="node_modules/zone.js/dist/zone.js"></script>    <script src="node_modules/reflect-metadata/Reflect.js"></script>    <script src="node_modules/systemjs/dist/system.src.js"></script>    <!-- 2. 配置 SystemJS -->    <script src="systemjs.config.js"></script>    <script>      System.import('app').catch(function(err){ console.error(err); });    </script>  </head>  <!-- 3. 显示应用 -->  <body>    <my-app>Loading...</my-app>  </body></html>

定义样式文件

/* Master Styles */h1 {  color: #369;  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;  font-size: 250%;}h2, h3 {  color: #444;  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;  font-weight: lighter;}body {  margin: 2em;}

6. 编译运行

npm start

最终目录结构：

运行时报错：

Types of property 'lift' are incompatible.Type '<T, R>(operator: Operator<T,R>) => Observable<T>' is not assignable to type '<R>(operator: Operator<T,R>) => Observable<R>'....

处理方法见：
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/44793859/rxjs-subject-d-ts-error-class-subjectt-incorrectly-extends-base-class-obs

简单的处理方式是修改tsconfig.json，加

"compilerOptions": {    "skipLibCheck": true, }

运行结果：

---

一些常用用法

ngFor ngClass

<ul>    <li *ngFor="let item of arr, let i = index">        <span [ngClass]="{'text-danger': i==0}">{{item}}</span>    </li></ul>