关于IDEA启动Spring Boot项目出现Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/ServletContext at j

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Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/ServletContext
at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods0(Native Method) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredMethods(Class.java:2701) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods(Class.java:1975) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
at org.springframework.core.type.StandardAnnotationMetadata.getAnnotatedMethods(StandardAnnotationMetadata.java:158) ~[spring-core-5.0.0.RELEASE.jar:5.0.0.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.retrieveBeanMethodMetadata(ConfigurationClassParser.java:390) ~[spring-context-5.0.0.RELEASE.jar:5.0.0.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.doProcessConfigurationClass(ConfigurationClassParser.java:315) ~[spring-context-5.0.0.RELEASE.jar:5.0.0.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.processConfigurationClass(ConfigurationClassParser.java:245) ~[spring-context-5.0.0.RELEASE.jar:5.0.0.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.parse(ConfigurationClassParser.java:198) ~[spring-context-5.0.0.RELEASE.jar:5.0.0.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.parse(ConfigurationClassParser.java:166) ~[spring-context-5.0.0.RELEASE.jar:5.0.0.RELEASE]
... 12 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javax.servlet.ServletContext
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:381) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:335) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods0(Native Method) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredMethods(Class.java:2701) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods(Class.java:1975) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
at org.springframework.core.type.StandardAnnotationMetadata.getAnnotatedMethods(StandardAnnotationMetadata.java:158) ~[spring-core-5.0.0.RELEASE.jar:5.0.0.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.retrieveBeanMethodMetadata(ConfigurationClassParser.java:390) ~[spring-context-5.0.0.RELEASE.jar:5.0.0.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.doProcessConfigurationClass(ConfigurationClassParser.java:315) ~[spring-context-5.0.0.RELEASE.jar:5.0.0.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.processConfigurationClass(ConfigurationClassParser.java:245) ~[spring-context-5.0.0.RELEASE.jar:5.0.0.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.parse(ConfigurationClassParser.java:198) ~[spring-context-5.0.0.RELEASE.jar:5.0.0.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.parse(ConfigurationClassParser.java:166) ~[spring-context-5.0.0.RELEASE.jar:5.0.0.RELEASE]

... 12 more

以上异常可能是maven或gradle的导包配置文件未配置：

以maven示例，在pom.xml文件中配置如下代码

<dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>   <!--<scope>provided</scope>--></dependency>

导致的

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