线性表综合实验（静态链表）

一．实验目的
巩固线性表的数据结构的存储方法和相关操作，学会针对具体应用，使用线性表的相关知识来解决具体问题。
二. 实验内容
1.建立一个由n个学生成绩的顺序表，n的大小由自己确定，每一个学生的成绩信息由自己确定，实现数据的对表进行插入、删除、查找等操作。分别输出结果。

源代码：

#include <iostream>#include<string>using namespace std;const int MaxSize = 10;struct Student      //定义Student结构体{    string name;    int Chinese;    int Math;    int English;    int Sum;};ostream& operator << (ostream& os, const Student &ob)   //重载左移运算符，使其能直接输出自定义类型“Student”{    os << ob.name << "\t";    os << ob.Chinese << "\t";    os << ob.Math << "\t";    os << ob.English << "\t";    os << ob.Sum << "\t";    return os;}template <class DataType>struct SNode{    DataType data;    int next;   //指针域(也称游标) };template <class DataType>class StaticLink{public:    StaticLink(DataType a[], int n);    ~StaticLink();    int Length();    DataType Get(int index);    int Locate(string x);    void Insert(DataType x, int index);    DataType Delete(int i);    void PrintList();private:    int  first;  // 定义头指针    int  avail;    SNode<Student> SList[MaxSize];      //定义结点数组    int length;};template <class DataType>void StaticLink<DataType> ::PrintList(){    int s = first;    cout << "-------------------------------------" << endl;    cout << "姓名" << "\t" << "语文" << "\t" << "数学" << "\t" << "英语" << "\t" << "总分" << "\t" << endl;    for (int i = 0; i <length; i++)    {           s = SList[s].next;        cout << SList[s].data  << endl;     }    cout << "-------------------------------------" << endl;}template <class DataType>int StaticLink<DataType>::Length(){    return length;}template <class DataType>DataType StaticLink<DataType>::Get(int index){    int s = first;    for (int i= 0; i <index; i++)    {        s = SList[s].next;    }    return SList[s].data;}template <class DataType>int StaticLink<DataType>::Locate(string x){    int i = 1;    int s = first;    for (; i < length; i++)    {        s = SList[s].next;        if (SList[s].data.name == x)            break;    }    return i;}template <class DataType>void StaticLink<DataType>::Insert(DataType x, int index){    int s = first;    for (int i = 1; i <index; i++)    {        s = SList[s].next;      }    int i = avail;  //此i变量与循环变量i无关    avail = SList[avail].next;    SList[i].data = x;    SList[i].next = SList[s].next;    SList[s].next = i;    SList[i].data.Sum = SList[i].data.Chinese + SList[i].data.Math + SList[i].data.English; //赋值Sum    length++;}template <class DataType>StaticLink<DataType>::StaticLink(DataType a[], int n){       avail = 1; first = 1; length = 0;       for (int i = 0; i < MaxSize; i++)       //初始化空间    {        SList[i].next= i + 1;    }    SList[MaxSize].next = -1;    for (int i = n-1; i >=0; i--)   //逆向赋值，避免逆序输入    {           int s = avail;        avail = SList[avail].next;        SList[s].data = a[i];        SList[s].next = SList[first].next;        SList[first].next = s;        length++;    }           }template <class DataType>DataType StaticLink<DataType>::Delete(int i){    int q = 1;    int s = first;    if (i<1 || i>length)        //判断输入位置是否异常        throw "删除位置异常";    else    {           for (; q < i; q++)      //省略第一个条件        {            s = SList[s].next;        }        q = SList[s].next;        DataType x = SList[q].data;        SList[s].next = SList[q].next;        SList[q].next = avail;        avail = q;        length--;        return x;    }}template <class DataType>StaticLink <DataType>::~StaticLink(){    length = 0;    cout << "链表已成功删除。" << endl;}int main(){    Student stu[MaxSize]; //最大容纳量    int num;    string TempName;    cout << "请输入学生人数：";    cin >> num;    for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)    {        cout << "输入“break”退出输入" << endl;        cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "名学生姓名:";        cin >> TempName;        if (TempName == "break")        {            num = i;            break;        }        stu[i].name = TempName;        cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "名学生语文成绩:";        cin >> stu[i].Chinese;        cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "名学生数学成绩:";        cin >> stu[i].Math;        cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "名学生英语成绩:";        cin >> stu[i].English;        stu[i].Sum = stu[i].Chinese + stu[i].Math + stu[i].English;        cout << "-------------------------------------" << endl;    }    StaticLink<Student> demo(stu, num);    demo.PrintList();    cout << "链表总长为：";    cout << demo.Length() << endl;    cout << "-------------------------------------" << endl;    cout << "查找第三名学生成绩:" << endl;    cout << "-------------------------------------" << endl;    cout << "姓名" << "\t" << "语文" << "\t" << "数学" << "\t" << "英语" << "\t" << "总分" << "\t" << endl;    cout << demo.Get(3) << endl;    cout << "-------------------------------------" << endl;    cout << "查找姓名为“霜降”的位置:" << demo.Locate("霜降") << endl;    cout << "-------------------------------------" << endl;    cout << "在第二与第三间插入“秋分”同学的成绩" << endl;    demo.Insert({ "秋分",95,86,93}, 3);    demo.PrintList();    cout << "链表总长为：";    cout << demo.Length() << endl;    cout << "-------------------------------------" << endl;    cout << "删除第3位同学的成绩:" << demo.Delete(3).name<<endl;    demo.PrintList();    return 0;}