Spring系列——上传文件

来源:互联网 发布:怎么评价杨振宁知乎 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/06/07 15:52

原文链接:http://www.dubby.cn/detail.html?id=9043

1. 我们要做什么

使用Spring实现一个最基本的文件上传,文件下载的web应用。

2.你需要什么

  • MySQL 5.6或者更高版本
  • 大约15分钟
  • 一个最爱的编辑器或者IDE
  • JDK 1.8 +
  • Maven 3.0+

3. 创建项目

3.1 项目依赖

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>    <groupId>cn.dubby</groupId>    <artifactId>uploading-files</artifactId>    <version>0.1.0</version>    <!--原文链接:www.dubby.cn-->    <parent>        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>        <version>1.5.8.RELEASE</version>    </parent>    <dependencies>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>            <scope>test</scope>        </dependency>    </dependencies>    <properties>        <java.version>1.8</java.version>    </properties>    <build>        <plugins>            <plugin>                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>            </plugin>        </plugins>    </build></project>

从依赖中看到加了spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf的starter,这里的目的是用thymeleaf渲染一个页面来上传文件和展示已上传的文件列表,真实使用时完全可以不用。

借鉴本文时,请注意根据实际情况来改造,比如,1. 你们可能不需要有下载的controller,因为完全可以把上传路径设为静态服务器目录下,比如css,png文件可以直接让前段请求URL来获取,毕竟静态资源服务器(如:Nginx)的处理效率肯定比Java更高效;2. 可以考虑使用很多云厂商的OSS或者CDN来代替本地文件系统,只需要自己实现存储的service;其他……

3.2 启动类

src/main/java/hello/Application.java

package hello;import hello.storage.StorageProperties;import hello.storage.StorageService;import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;@SpringBootApplication@EnableConfigurationProperties(StorageProperties.class)public class Application {    //原文链接:www.dubby.cn    public static void main(String[] args) {        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);    }    @Bean    CommandLineRunner init(StorageService storageService) {        return (args) -> {            storageService.deleteAll();            storageService.init();        };    }}

如果是传统的servlet项目,需要在web.xml里配置<multipart-config>来注册MultipartConfigElement。但是Spring帮我自动配置了。

3.3 controller

src/main/java/hello/FileUploadController.java

package hello;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.stream.Collectors;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.ui.Model;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.MvcUriComponentsBuilder;import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.RedirectAttributes;import hello.storage.StorageFileNotFoundException;import hello.storage.StorageService;@Controllerpublic class FileUploadController {    private final StorageService storageService;    @Autowired    public FileUploadController(StorageService storageService) {        this.storageService = storageService;    }    @GetMapping("/")    public String listUploadedFiles(Model model) throws IOException {        model.addAttribute("files", storageService.loadAll().map(                path -> MvcUriComponentsBuilder.fromMethodName(FileUploadController.class,                        "serveFile", path.getFileName().toString()).build().toString())                .collect(Collectors.toList()));        return "uploadForm";    }    @GetMapping("/files/{filename:.+}")    @ResponseBody    public ResponseEntity<Resource> serveFile(@PathVariable String filename) {        Resource file = storageService.loadAsResource(filename);        return ResponseEntity.ok().header(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_DISPOSITION,                "attachment; filename=\"" + file.getFilename() + "\"").body(file);    }    @PostMapping("/")    public String handleFileUpload(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file,            RedirectAttributes redirectAttributes) {        storageService.store(file);        redirectAttributes.addFlashAttribute("message",                "You successfully uploaded " + file.getOriginalFilename() + "!");        return "redirect:/";    }    @ExceptionHandler(StorageFileNotFoundException.class)    public ResponseEntity<?> handleStorageFileNotFound(StorageFileNotFoundException exc) {        return ResponseEntity.notFound().build();    }}

这个例子,没有用@RestController,所以返回的并不是JSON@GetMapping@PostMapping的意义之前有介绍过,这里就不再赘述了,如果不清楚可以看之前的[Spring系列——RESTful的web项目](http://www.dubby.cn/detail.html?id=9040#3.3 controller)。

这个例子中,每个URI的意义分别是:

  • GET /:显示一个页面,里面可以上传文件,还展示已经上传的文件的列表。
  • GET /files/{filename}:如果文件存在的话,下载这个文件。注意使用了Content-Disposition这个Header。
  • POST /:上传一个文件。

如果读者时初学者,可能对上面的代码还存有一点疑惑,我这里简单描述一下,1.@GetMapping("/files/{filename:.+}")这个时Spring MVC的一个URI匹配的方式,格式是PathVariable:正则表达式,用后面的正则来校验这个参数;2. @ExceptionHandler(StorageFileNotFoundException.class)这是Spring提供的异常处理器,如果请求发生指定的异常就会被捕获。

3.4 文件存储

这里定义一个接口,上面也提到了,文件存储不建议使用本地存储的方式,所以使用接口,读者可以随意替换成你需要的,只需要自己实现这个接口就可以了。

src/main/java/hello/storage/StorageService.java

package hello.storage;import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;import java.nio.file.Path;import java.util.stream.Stream;public interface StorageService {    void init();    void store(MultipartFile file);    Stream<Path> loadAll();    Path load(String filename);    Resource loadAsResource(String filename);    void deleteAll();}

这里给出本地存储服务的代码

src/main/java/hello/storage/FileSystemStorageService.java

package hello.storage;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;import org.springframework.core.io.UrlResource;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import org.springframework.util.FileSystemUtils;import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;import java.io.IOException;import java.net.MalformedURLException;import java.nio.file.Files;import java.nio.file.Path;import java.nio.file.Paths;import java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption;import java.util.stream.Stream;@Servicepublic class FileSystemStorageService implements StorageService {    private final Path rootLocation;    @Autowired    public FileSystemStorageService(StorageProperties properties) {        this.rootLocation = Paths.get(properties.getLocation());    }    @Override    public void store(MultipartFile file) {        String filename = StringUtils.cleanPath(file.getOriginalFilename());        try {            if (file.isEmpty()) {                throw new StorageException("Failed to store empty file " + filename);            }            if (filename.contains("..")) {                // This is a security check                throw new StorageException(                        "Cannot store file with relative path outside current directory "                                + filename);            }            Files.copy(file.getInputStream(), this.rootLocation.resolve(filename),                    StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);        }        catch (IOException e) {            throw new StorageException("Failed to store file " + filename, e);        }    }    @Override    public Stream<Path> loadAll() {        try {            return Files.walk(this.rootLocation, 1)                    .filter(path -> !path.equals(this.rootLocation))                    .map(path -> this.rootLocation.relativize(path));        }        catch (IOException e) {            throw new StorageException("Failed to read stored files", e);        }    }    @Override    public Path load(String filename) {        return rootLocation.resolve(filename);    }    @Override    public Resource loadAsResource(String filename) {        try {            Path file = load(filename);            Resource resource = new UrlResource(file.toUri());            if (resource.exists() || resource.isReadable()) {                return resource;            }            else {                throw new StorageFileNotFoundException(                        "Could not read file: " + filename);            }        }        catch (MalformedURLException e) {            throw new StorageFileNotFoundException("Could not read file: " + filename, e);        }    }    @Override    public void deleteAll() {        FileSystemUtils.deleteRecursively(rootLocation.toFile());    }    @Override    public void init() {        try {            Files.createDirectories(rootLocation);        }        catch (IOException e) {            throw new StorageException("Could not initialize storage", e);        }    }}

3.5 HTML模板

src/main/resources/templates/uploadForm.html

<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"><body>    <div th:if="${message}">        <h2 th:text="${message}"/>    </div>    <div>        <form method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data" action="/">            <table>                <tr><td>File to upload:</td><td><input type="file" name="file" /></td></tr>                <tr><td></td><td><input type="submit" value="Upload" /></td></tr>            </table>        </form>    </div>    <div>        <ul>            <li th:each="file : ${files}">                <a th:href="${file}" th:text="${file}" />            </li>        </ul>    </div></body></html>

这个HTML模板有三个部分:

  • 一个message的attribute展示信息。
  • 一个表单,用来上传文件。
  • 一个列表来展示已上传的文件列表。

3.6 文件的大小限制

src/main/resources/application.properties

spring.http.multipart.max-file-size=128KBspring.http.multipart.max-request-size=128KB

这个配置的意思是:

  • spring.http.multipart.max-file-size限制了文件的大小。
  • spring.http.multipart.max-request-size限制了请求的大小。

4. 测试

4.1 动手测一测

4.2 单元测试

这里给一点测试代码

src/test/java/hello/storage/FileUploadTests.java

package hello;import hello.storage.StorageFileNotFoundException;import hello.storage.StorageService;import org.hamcrest.Matchers;import org.junit.Test;import org.junit.runner.RunWith;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockBean;import org.springframework.mock.web.MockMultipartFile;import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;import java.nio.file.Paths;import java.util.stream.Stream;import static org.mockito.BDDMockito.given;import static org.mockito.BDDMockito.then;import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.fileUpload;import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.get;import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.*;@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)@AutoConfigureMockMvc@SpringBootTestpublic class FileUploadTests {    @Autowired    private MockMvc mvc;    @MockBean    private StorageService storageService;    @Test    public void shouldListAllFiles() throws Exception {        given(this.storageService.loadAll())                .willReturn(Stream.of(Paths.get("first.txt"), Paths.get("second.txt")));        this.mvc.perform(get("/")).andExpect(status().isOk())                .andExpect(model().attribute("files",                        Matchers.contains("http://localhost/files/first.txt",                                "http://localhost/files/second.txt")));    }    @Test    public void shouldSaveUploadedFile() throws Exception {        MockMultipartFile multipartFile = new MockMultipartFile("file", "test.txt",                "text/plain", "Spring Framework".getBytes());        this.mvc.perform(fileUpload("/").file(multipartFile))                .andExpect(status().isFound())                .andExpect(header().string("Location", "/"));        then(this.storageService).should().store(multipartFile);    }    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")    @Test    public void should404WhenMissingFile() throws Exception {        given(this.storageService.loadAsResource("test.txt"))                .willThrow(StorageFileNotFoundException.class);        this.mvc.perform(get("/files/test.txt")).andExpect(status().isNotFound());    }}

完整代码地址:https://github.com/dubby1994/spring-demo

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