spring Boot测试的最佳实践和测试架构的启发（JUnit4和mockito，包括MockMvc）

1. JUnit4

请看这里：Junit4 简单教程 和 Spring Boot Junit单元测试

2. mockito(包括MockMvc)

请看这里：强大的Mockito测试框架 和 Junit学习笔记之五：MockMVC

3. 最佳实践

Jar包版本说明：

• junit:junit:4.12，
• org.mockito:mockito-core:1.10.19

3.1 JUnit4 最佳实践

请注意观察父子类之间各个函数执行的顺序：

1. 从外到内：BeforeClass>Before>Test；
2. 不同层次的同类型函数，父类的总在子类外面；
3. 同一个文件中的同类型函数的执行顺序是随机的。

public class MyTest1GrandFather {    @BeforeClass    public static void grandFatherBeforeClass() {        System.out.println("MyTest1GrandFather.beforeClass");    }    @AfterClass    public static void grandFatherAfterClass() {        System.out.println("MyTest1GrandFather.afterClass");    }}

public class MyTest1Father extends MyTest1GrandFather {    @BeforeClass    public static void fatherBeforeClass() {        System.out.println("MyTest1Father.beforeClass");    }    @Before    public void fatherBefore1() {        System.out.println("MyTest1Father.before1");    }    @Before    public void fatherBefore2() {        System.out.println("MyTest1Father.before2");    }    @After    public void fatherAfter1() {        System.out.println("MyTest1Father.after1");    }    @After    public void fatherAfter2() {        System.out.println("MyTest1Father.after2");    }    @AfterClass    public static void fatherAfterClass() {        System.out.println("MyTest1Father.afterClass");    }}

package hib;import org.junit.*;public class MyTest1 extends MyTest1Father {    @BeforeClass    public static void beforeClass() {        System.out.println("MyTest1.beforeClass");    }    @Before    public void before2() {        System.out.println("MyTest1.before2");    }    @Before    public void before1() {        System.out.println("MyTest1.before1");    }    @Before    public void before3() {        System.out.println("MyTest1.before3");    }    @Test    public void test2() throws Exception {        System.out.println("MyTest1.test2");    }    @Test    public void test1() throws Exception {        System.out.println("MyTest1.test1");    }    @Ignore    @Test    public void test3() throws Exception {        System.out.println("MyTest1.test3");    }    @After    public void after1() {        System.out.println("MyTest1.after1");    }    @After    public void after2() {        System.out.println("MyTest1.after2");    }    @AfterClass    public static void afterClass() {        System.out.println("MyTest1.afterClass");    }}

MyTest1的测试结果：MyTest1GrandFather.beforeClassMyTest1Father.beforeClassMyTest1.beforeClassMyTest1Father.before2MyTest1Father.before1MyTest1.before3MyTest1.before2MyTest1.before1MyTest1.test1MyTest1.after1MyTest1.after2MyTest1Father.after1MyTest1Father.after2MyTest1Father.before2MyTest1Father.before1MyTest1.before3MyTest1.before2MyTest1.before1MyTest1.test2MyTest1.after1MyTest1.after2MyTest1Father.after1MyTest1Father.after2Test ignored.MyTest1.afterClassMyTest1Father.afterClassMyTest1GrandFather.afterClass

3.2 spring boot + JUnit4 最佳实践

package test;import org.junit.runner.RunWith;import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;@ActiveProfiles({"test"})@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)@SpringBootTest(classes = Application.class)@WebAppConfigurationpublic class BaseTest {}

package test;import hib.entity.StudentDao;import org.junit.Test;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;public class MyTest2 extends BaseTest {    @Autowired    StudentDao studentDao;    @Test    public void test() throws Exception {        System.out.println(studentDao.count()); //1    }}

3.3 spring boot + JUnit4 + mockito 最佳实践

package test;import org.junit.Test;import org.mockito.Mock;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;public class MyTest3 extends BaseTest {    @Autowired    service s1;    @Mock    service s2;    @Test    public void test() throws Exception {        System.out.println(s1.st1()); //hello        System.out.println(s2.st1()); //null        when(s2.st1()).thenReturn("123");        System.out.println(s2.st1()); //123    }}

3.4 spring boot + JUnit4 + mockito + MockMvc 最佳实践

package hib;import org.junit.Test;import org.mockito.InjectMocks;import org.mockito.Mock;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.http.MediaType;import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;import static org.junit.Assert.*;import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.*;import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.*;public class MyTest4 extends ControllerTest {    @Autowired      //负责找到controller    @InjectMocks    //负责把MyTest4中所有有@Mock注解的对象注入到controller中    controller c1;  //这里2个注释都要有，缺一不可    @Mock     service s1;     //模拟service    @Test    public void test() throws Exception {        //1.模拟service中st1()的行为，本来应该返回hello，模拟后返回123        when(s1.st1()).thenReturn("123");        //2.模拟请求        MvcResult res = mvc.perform                (                    get("/test/t1")                                     //请求路径                    .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED) //请求类型                    .param("args", "root")                              //请求参数                )                .andExpect(status().isOk())             //预测返回状态                .andExpect(content().string("123"))     //预测返回结果1                .andDo(print())                         //执行回调函数                .andReturn();                           //返回MvcResult对象        //3.断言返回结果2，和上面预测返回结果1处的作用相同        assertEquals("123", res.getResponse().getContentAsString());     }}

4. 测试架构的启发

分层设计测试架构，提取公共的初始化部分和测试业务。参见第3节-最佳实践。