使用Open Liberty创建maven web项目
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首先需要明确一个观点，如果你使用IBM发布的软件，开源也好，闭源也罢，你将不可避免的要用到IBM的一整套生态。
Open Liberty是IBM发布的开源的Java微服务运行时，精简版的WAS服务器。精简程度和地位类似于WildFly(原Jboss服务器)的全功能版与Servlet版，全功能版不是太重了么，搞个精简的可以跑一些基本的微服务和Servlet。一定程度上说是对开发者友好。能否将Open Liberty这个精简版的WAS服务器放到生产环境还有待观察，官方似乎也没给个教程啥的。
一、安装JDK8和maven
这里的JDK8不是传统意义上的Oracle JDK（sun被Oracle收购前成为sun JDK）而是ibm的JDK
下载地址:http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/java/jdk/
maven安装方式不变
二、创建maven项目运行样例war
1.创建如下maven项目结构
项目名为ServletSampleServer
tree命令展示的项目结构
D:.└─ServletSampleServer │ .gitignore │ pom.xml │ README.md │ └─src └─main ├─java ├─liberty │ └─config ├─resources └─webapp
2.编辑pom.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>net.wasdev.wlp.maven.parent</groupId> <artifactId>liberty-maven-app-parent</artifactId> <version>2.0</version> </parent><groupId>io.openliberty.guides</groupId><artifactId>ServletSample</artifactId><packaging>war</packaging><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <!-- Add the rest of the POM below here. --><properties><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding><project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding><maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target><app.name>${project.artifactId}</app.name><testServerHttpPort>9080</testServerHttpPort><testServerHttpsPort>9443</testServerHttpsPort><warContext>${app.name}</warContext><package.file>${project.build.directory}/${app.name}.zip</package.file><packaging.type>usr</packaging.type></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>javax.servlet</groupId><artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId><version>3.1.0</version><scope>provided</scope></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId><version>3.1.0</version><configuration><packagingExcludes>pom.xml</packagingExcludes></configuration></plugin><plugin><groupId>net.wasdev.wlp.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>liberty-maven-plugin</artifactId><version>2.0</version><configuration><assemblyArtifact><groupId>io.openliberty</groupId><artifactId>openliberty-runtime</artifactId><version>17.0.0.3</version><type>zip</type></assemblyArtifact><serverName>${project.artifactId}Server</serverName><stripVersion>true</stripVersion><configFile>src/main/liberty/config/server.xml</configFile><packageFile>${package.file}</packageFile><include>${packaging.type}</include><bootstrapProperties><default.http.port>${testServerHttpPort}</default.http.port><default.https.port>${testServerHttpsPort}</default.https.port><app.context.root>${warContext}</app.context.root></bootstrapProperties></configuration><executions><execution><id>package-server</id><phase>package</phase><goals><goal>package-server</goal></goals><configuration><outputDirectory>target/wlp-package</outputDirectory></configuration></execution></executions></plugin></plugins></build></project>3.使用maven命令运行
用cd命令跳转到pom.xml所在目录
先清理安装
mvn clean
再安装
mvn install
最后打包
mvn package
打包成功之后会在target目录生成文件
启动服务器
mvn liberty:start-server
启动之后可以通过如下地址访问首页
http://localhost:9080/
这个测试页面没啥东西，主要的东西都链接到官网
停止服务器
mvn liberty:stop-server
三、创建maven项目运行servlet
1.创建如下maven项目结构
D:.└─ServletSample │ .gitignore │ pom.xml │ README.md │ └─src ├─main │ ├─java │ │ └─io │ │ └─openliberty │ │ └─guides │ │ └─hello │ │ HelloServlet.java │ │ │ ├─liberty │ │ └─config │ │ server.xml │ │ │ ├─resources │ └─webapp │ │ index.html │ │ │ └─WEB-INF │ web.xml │ └─test └─java └─io └─openliberty └─guides └─hello └─it EndpointIT.java
2.编辑pom.xml文件
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>net.wasdev.wlp.maven.parent</groupId> <artifactId>liberty-maven-app-parent</artifactId> <version>2.0</version> </parent> <!-- Add the rest of the POM below here. --> <groupId>io.openliberty.guides</groupId> <artifactId>ServletSample</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target> <app.name>${project.artifactId}</app.name> <testServerHttpPort>9080</testServerHttpPort> <testServerHttpsPort>9443</testServerHttpsPort> <warContext>${app.name}</warContext> <package.file>${project.build.directory}/${app.name}.zip</package.file> <packaging.type>usr</packaging.type> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-httpclient</groupId> <artifactId>commons-httpclient</artifactId> <version>3.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> <configuration> <packagingExcludes>pom.xml</packagingExcludes> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>net.wasdev.wlp.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>liberty-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.0</version> <configuration> <assemblyArtifact> <groupId>io.openliberty</groupId> <artifactId>openliberty-runtime</artifactId> <version>17.0.0.3</version> <type>zip</type> </assemblyArtifact> <serverName>${project.artifactId}Server</serverName> <stripVersion>true</stripVersion> <configFile>src/main/liberty/config/server.xml</configFile> <packageFile>${package.file}</packageFile> <include>${packaging.type}</include> <bootstrapProperties> <default.http.port>${testServerHttpPort}</default.http.port> <default.https.port>${testServerHttpsPort}</default.https.port> <app.context.root>${warContext}</app.context.root> </bootstrapProperties> </configuration> <executions> <execution> <id>package-server</id> <phase>package</phase> <goals> <goal>package-server</goal> </goals> <configuration> <outputDirectory>target/wlp-package</outputDirectory> </configuration> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.19.1</version> <executions> <execution> <goals> <goal>integration-test</goal> <goal>verify</goal> </goals> <configuration> <includes> <include>**/it/**</include> </includes> <systemPropertyVariables> <liberty.test.port>${testServerHttpPort}</liberty.test.port> <war.name>${warContext}</war.name> </systemPropertyVariables> </configuration> </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </build></project>3.编辑main下面的文件(这一部分的文件向导文档没有，要到github上找)
HelloServlet.java
package io.openliberty.guides.hello;import java.io.IOException;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;@WebServlet(urlPatterns="/servlet")public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; /** * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) */ protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { response.getWriter().append("Hello! How are you today?\n"); } /** * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) */ protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request, response); }}server.xml
<server description="Sample Servlet server"> <featureManager> <feature>servlet-3.1</feature> </featureManager> <httpEndpoint httpPort="${default.http.port}" httpsPort="${default.https.port}" id="defaultHttpEndpoint" host="*" /> <webApplication id="ServletSample" location="ServletSample.war" contextRoot="${app.context.root}" /></server>index.html
<html><body><h2>Welcome to Hello Servlet</h2> <p><a href="servlet">Click here</a> to get a greeting from the Hello Servlet.</p> </body></html>
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" version="3.1"> <display-name>Hello Servlet</display-name> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list></web-app>
4.test下面的文件
EndpointIT.java
package io.openliberty.guides.hello.it;import static org.junit.Assert.*;import org.junit.BeforeClass;import org.junit.Test;import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpStatus;import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;public class EndpointIT { private static String URL; @BeforeClass public static void init() { String port = System.getProperty("liberty.test.port"); String war = System.getProperty("war.name"); URL = "http://localhost:" + port + "/" + war + "/" + "servlet"; } @Test public void testServlet() throws Exception { HttpClient client = new HttpClient(); GetMethod method = new GetMethod(URL); try { int statusCode = client.executeMethod(method); assertEquals("HTTP GET failed", HttpStatus.SC_OK, statusCode); String response = method.getResponseBodyAsString(1000); assertTrue("Unexpected response body", response.contains("Hello! How are you today?")); } finally { method.releaseConnection(); } }}4.打包运行
安装
mvn install
打包
mvn package
打包时会跑一遍测试用例
可以看到Failures: 0说明打包成功
启动
mvn liberty:start-server
访问main里面的HelloServlet.java
http://localhost:9080/ServletSample/servlet
停止
mvn liberty:stop-server
附：
参考资料：
1.OpenLiberty的github项目地址，https://github.com/OpenLiberty/open-liberty
2.向导文档，https://www.openliberty.io/guides/
3.建立一个maven web项目，https://www.openliberty.io/guides/maven-intro.html
4.建立一个maven web项目github版，https://github.com/OpenLiberty/guide-maven-intro
相关下载
1.openliberty运行时下载，https://public.dhe.ibm.com/ibmdl/export/pub/software/openliberty/runtime/release/2017-09-27_1951/openliberty-17.0.0.3.zip
2.openlibertytools下载，https://public.dhe.ibm.com/ibmdl/export/pub/software/openliberty/tools/release/2017-10-04_1748/openlibertytools-17.0.0.3.zip
3.ibm jdk下载，http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/java/jdk/
4.maven下载，http://maven.apache.org/download.cgi
向导文档的其它标题翻译
1.使用@CircuitBreaker 进行容错（微服务相关）
2.创建MicroProfile应用程序 （微服务相关）
3.创建HATEOAS 开发 REST 服务
4.访问RESTful web service
5.在Open Liberty启用CORS跨域访问
6.创建maven web项目
7.创建多模块应用程序（主要是EE的EAR打包项目）
8.创建RESTful web service
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