opencv操作yaml文件

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官网:YAML:http://www.yaml.org XML :http://www.w3c.org/XML

1.YAML与XML文件的打开和关闭

YAML格式的文件拓展名包括:.yml.yaml,两个都表示YAML文件;
XML格式的文件拓展名为: .xml

1.1 文件打开

在Opencv中,使用FileStorage进行文件读写。XML文件操作与YAML一样,不过存在一些细小差别。

std::string fileName  = "E:\\test.yml"; // YAMLstd::string fileName2 = "E:\\test.xml"; // XML// write filecv::FileStorage fs(fileName , cv::FileStorage::WRITE);// read filecv::FileStorage fs2(fileName , cv::FileStorage::READ);// or use: cv::FileStorage::openfs2.open(fileName , cv::FileStorage::READ);

FileStorage的文件操作模式一共分为四种:READWRITEAPPENDMEMORY

文档打开后很关心的一件事就是,进行确认是否成功。FileStorage有自己的成员函数返回文件打开状态:

// bool FileStorage::isOpened() const;if ( !fs.isOpened() ) // failed{    std::cout<<"Save File Failed!"<<std::endl;    return ;}else // succeed{    ...}

1.2 文件关闭

FileStorage文件关闭比较简单:

fs.release();

2.文件读写

FileStorage文件读与写的方法与C++语言中的文件流对象的使用很像,对>><<进行了重载,分别用于文件读取和写入。很棒的是,FileStorage支持一些常用格式的直接读写,例如字符、字符串、数字、cv::Mat等。对于不支持的数据结构,只能按照规则自己去写啦~

2.1 写入

fs << "frameCount" << 5;  // 字符和数字cv::Mat_<double> cameraMat = cv::Mat_<double>::zeros(3, 3); fs << "Camera Intrinsic Matrix" << cameraMat; // cv::Mat

注意:

  • fs << "frameCount" <<5""内输出的字符串是有限制的,对于YAML有效范围是:[a-z],[A-Z],[0-9],”-“,”_”和空格。XML与YAML基本一致,但是YAML字符之间加空格是允许的,XML不允许。如果出现以下BUG,请不要慌张,检查一下输入的字符是否有效就OK~

2.2 读取

文件读取的方法有两种:

// first method: use (type) operator on FileNode.int frameCount = (int)fs2["frameCount"];// second second method: use cv::FileNode::operator >>int frameCount;fs2["frameCount"] >> frameCount;

2.3 Mat的操作

这一点真的很不错,而且与C++的输入输出方法很接近(链接:常用的三种Mat类型):

cv::Mat_<double> cameraMat = cv::Mat_<double>::zeros(3, 3);cv::Mat_<double> distCoeffes = ( cv::Mat_<double>(5, 1)<< 0.1, 0.01, -0.001, 0.0, 0.0 );// C++std::cout<<"Camera Matrix"<<std::endl<<cv::Mat::Mat(cameraMat)<<std::endl;std::cout<<"Distortion Coefficients"<<std::endl<<cv::Mat::Mat(distCoeffes)<<std::endl;// cv::FileStoragefs << "Camera Matrix" << cameraMat;fs << "Distortion Coefficients"<<distCoeffes;

运行结果对比如下:

C++ C++
YAML YAML
XML YAML

2.4 集合的操作

Opencv中将集合分为两类:映射和序列。

映射集合(Mappings, 又称named collections):每个元素有一个名字或者说关键字,并且可以通过名字访问其数据,类似于Key-Value结构。使用方法为:

// Mappings writeint x(1.0), y(0.0);fs << "features" << "["; // also can be "[:"fs <<"{:" << "x" << x << "y" << "}" << "]";
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • "{""{:"输出的结果是不一样的,YAML使用":"后,使输出的文本具有Python的风格,映射集合会按照一行排列,不适用时,按照每个元素与其值单独一行的方法排列。XML使用":"后输出结果会有不同,但基本可以视为把":"忽略。

YAML { Map1
YAML {: Map2
XML { Map3
XML {: Map4

// Mappings readcv::FileNode features = fs2["features"];// 遍历查看cv::FileNodeIterator it = features.begin();std::cout<<    "x="<<(int)(*it)["x"]<<    " y="<<(int)(*it)["y"]<<    " z="<<(int)(*it)["z"]<<std::endl;

输出结果:Output

  • 编程的时候,不在Mapping的"{ }"外加上"[ ]"输出的效果是不一样的,而且在数据读取的时候,加上"[
    ]"
    的Mapping结构会被认为是Mapping结构,否则会出错,以上述的Mappings write代码为例: 对于 fs <<
    "fearures" << "[" << "{" << ... << "}" << "]"
    结构,用上述方法可以读取成功; 对于 fs
    << "features" << "{" << ... << "}"
    结构,用上述方法时就会出错:

序列集合(Sequences,又称unnamed collections):数据没有名字名字或者关键字,一般通过序号(indices)访问数据,例如最常见的数组。

与映射类似,序列集合需要在输出开始前加"[",结束后使用"]",并且"[:""["在输出风格上与映射集合类似。

// Sequences writeint mySeq[5] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4};fs << "mySeq" << "[";for ( int idx=0; idx<5; idx++ ){    fs << mySeq[idx];}fs << "]";
// Sequences readcv::FileNode mySeq2 = fs2["mySeq"];std::vector<int> seq;cv::FileNodeIterator it = mySeq2.begin(), it_end = mySeq2.end();for ( ; it != it_end; it++  ){    seq.push_back( (int)( *it ) );    // std::cout<<(int)(*it)<<" "<<std::endl;}

3.Opencv documentation 源码示例

下面贴出Opencv documentation中的示例代码,可以作为参考:

// file write#include "opencv2/opencv.hpp"#include <time.h>using namespace cv;using namespace std;int main(int, char** argv){    FileStorage fs("test.yml", FileStorage::WRITE);    fs << "frameCount" << 5;    time_t rawtime; time(&rawtime);    fs << "calibrationDate" << asctime(localtime(&rawtime));    Mat cameraMatrix = (Mat_<double>(3,3) << 1000, 0, 320, 0, 1000, 240, 0, 0, 1);    Mat distCoeffs = (Mat_<double>(5,1) << 0.1, 0.01, -0.001, 0, 0);    fs << "cameraMatrix" << cameraMatrix << "distCoeffs" << distCoeffs;    fs << "features" << "[";    for( int i = 0; i < 3; i++ )    {        int x = rand() % 640;        int y = rand() % 480;        uchar lbp = rand() % 256;        fs << "{:" << "x" << x << "y" << y << "lbp" << "[:";        for( int j = 0; j < 8; j++ )            fs << ((lbp >> j) & 1);        fs << "]" << "}";    }    fs << "]";    fs.release();    return 0;}
// results%YAML:1.0frameCount: 5calibrationDate: "Fri Jun 17 14:09:29 2011\n"cameraMatrix: !!opencv-matrix   rows: 3   cols: 3   dt: d   data: [ 1000., 0., 320., 0., 1000., 240., 0., 0., 1. ]distCoeffs: !!opencv-matrix   rows: 5   cols: 1   dt: d   data: [ 1.0000000000000001e-01, 1.0000000000000000e-02,       -1.0000000000000000e-03, 0., 0. ]features:   - { x:167, y:49, lbp:[ 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1 ] }   - { x:298, y:130, lbp:[ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1 ] }   - { x:344, y:158, lbp:[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ] }
// file readFileStorage fs2("test.yml", FileStorage::READ);// first method: use (type) operator on FileNode.int frameCount = (int)fs2["frameCount"];std::string date;// second method: use FileNode::operator >>fs2["calibrationDate"] >> date;Mat cameraMatrix2, distCoeffs2;fs2["cameraMatrix"] >> cameraMatrix2;fs2["distCoeffs"] >> distCoeffs2;cout << "frameCount: " << frameCount << endl     << "calibration date: " << date << endl     << "camera matrix: " << cameraMatrix2 << endl     << "distortion coeffs: " << distCoeffs2 << endl;FileNode features = fs2["features"];FileNodeIterator it = features.begin(), it_end = features.end();int idx = 0;std::vector<uchar> lbpval;// iterate through a sequence using FileNodeIteratorfor( ; it != it_end; ++it, idx++ ){    cout << "feature #" << idx << ": ";    cout << "x=" << (int)(*it)["x"] << ", y=" << (int)(*it)["y"] << ", lbp: (";    // you can also easily read numerical arrays using FileNode >> std::vector operator.    (*it)["lbp"] >> lbpval;    for( int i = 0; i < (int)lbpval.size(); i++ )        cout << " " << (int)lbpval[i];    cout << ")" << endl;}fs.release();
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