Python之文件操作

创建目录

import osimport errnodef mkdir(dir):    try:        os.makedirs(dir)    except OSError as exc:        if exc.errno == errno.EEXIST:            print("The dir has been existed !")            pass        else: raise#创建名为test的目录以及其名为00的子目录mkdir("test/00")

获取文件属性

• 1 文件路径操作

接口 简介 os.path.abspath(path) 获取path绝对路径 os.path.split(path) 将path分割为目录和文件名的二元的元组 os.path.dirname(path) path的目录 os.path.basename(path) 返回最后文件的文件名，如果以/或\结尾，返回为空 os.path.commonprefix(pathlist) 返回pathlist中共有的最长的路径 os.path.join(pathlist) 将多个路径组合后返回，第一个路径是绝对路径之前的路径参数将忽略 os.path.normcase(path) Linux和Mac平台，原样返回，windows平台会将所有的路径中的字符转化为小写，将所有的斜杠转化为反斜杠 os.path.normpath(path) 规范化文件的路径 os.path.splitdrive 返回由driver名和路径组成的二元的元组

import osabsPath=os.path.abspath('file.py')print("Abspath :" + absPath)splitPath=os.path.split('./file.py')print("Location : %s File : %s" % (splitPath[0], splitPath[1]))splitPath=os.path.split(os.path.abspath('file.py'))print("Abs location : %s File : %s" % (splitPath[0], splitPath[1]))dirName=os.path.dirname("./file.py")print("Directory name : " + dirName)absDirName=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath("file.py"))print("abs Directory name " + absDirName)#end with / or \ basename return NonebaseName=os.path.basename("file.py")print("Base name " + baseName)pathList=["D:\\zmakeup", "D:\\zmakeup\\00-code\\00-python\\00-test",          "D:\\zmakeup\\00-code\\"]longestPath=os.path.commonprefix(pathList)print("Longest Path :" + longestPath)joinPath=os.path.join("../","D:/zmakeup",'file.py')print("Joined path : " + joinPath)normcaseName=os.path.normcase("D:\Programs\Python\Python36-32\python.exe")print("Norm case Name " + normcaseName)# note the format of the pathnormName=os.path.normpath("D://gstreamer\\1.0//x86_64\\bin//../etc")print("Norm name " + normName)splitDriveName=os.path.splitdrive("D:/zmakeup\file.py")print("Driver %s others %s" % (splitDriveName[0], splitDriveName[1]))

返回的结果

Abspath :D:\zmakeup\00-code\00-python\00-test\file.pyLocation : . File : file.pyAbs location : D:\zmakeup\00-code\00-python\00-test File : file.pyDirectory name : .abs Directory name D:\zmakeup\00-code\00-python\00-testBase name file.pyLongest Path :D:\zmakeupJoined path : D:/zmakeup\file.pyNorm case Name d:\programs\python\python36-32\python.exeNorm name D:\gstreamer\1.0\x86_64\etcDriver D: others /zmakeupile.py

• 2 文件属性判断

接口 简介 os.path.exists(path) 判断一个文件是否存在，True：存在 False：不存在 os.path.isabs(path) 判断该路径是某是绝对路径 os.path.isfile(path) 判断path是否时存在的文件 os.path.isdir(path) 判断path是否是一个存在的目录

import osif os.path.exists("file.py"):    print("file.py existed")else:    print("file.py not existed")if os.path.isabs("file.py"):    print("This path is absolute path")else:    print("This path is not absolute path")if os.path.isfile("file.py"):    print("This is a file.")else:    print("This is not a file")if os.path.isdir("file.py"):    print("This is a directory.")else:    print("This is not a directory.")

实验结果

file.py existedThis path is not absolute pathThis is a file.This is not a directory.

• 3 文件属性获取

接口 简介 os.path.splitext(path) 返回文件名和扩展名组成的二元的元组 os.path.getsize(path) 获取文件的大小 os.path.getatime(path) 获取文件或者目录最后存取的时间 os.path.getmtime(path) 获取文件或者目录最后修改的时间

import osextension=os.path.splitext("D://zmakeup\\00-code\\00-python\\00-test\\file.py")print("Location %s entension %s " % (extension[0], extension[1]))size=os.path.getsize('file.py')stime=os.path.getatime('file.py')mtime=os.path.getmtime('file.py')print("size %u stime %u mtime %u " % (size, stime, mtime))

实验结果

Location D://zmakeup\00-code\00-python\00-test\file entension .py size 2396 stime 1510046250 mtime 1510046250