利用SendMessage实现C#进程间通信

 

进程之间通讯的几种方法:
在Windows程序中，各个进程之间常常需要交换数据，进行数据通讯。常用的方法有
使用内存映射文件
通过共享内存DLL共享内存
使用SendMessage向另一进程发送WM_COPYDATA消息
比起前两种的复杂实现来,WM_COPYDATA消息无疑是一种经济实惠的一中方法.（ZT）

WM_COPYDATA消息的主要目的是允许在进程间传递只读数据。Windows在通过WM_COPYDATA消息传递期间，不提供继承同步方式。SDK文档推荐用户使用SendMessage函数，接受方在数据拷贝完成前不返回，这样发送方就不可能删除和修改数据：
这个函数的原型及其要用到的结构如下:
SendMessage(hwnd,WM_COPYDATA,wParam,lParam);
其中,WM_COPYDATA对应的十六进制数为0x004A
wParam设置为包含数据的窗口的句柄。lParam指向一个COPYDATASTRUCT的结构：
typedef struct tagCOPYDATASTRUCT{
DWORD dwData;//用户定义数据
DWORD cbData;//数据大小
PVOID lpData;//指向数据的指针
}COPYDATASTRUCT;
该结构用来定义用户数据。
具体过程如下:

首先,在发送方,用FindWindow找到接受方的句柄,然后向接受方发送WM_COPYDATA消息.
接受方在DefWndProc事件中,来处理这条消息.由于中文编码是两个字节,所以传递中文时候字节长度要搞清楚.
体代码如下:
//---------------------------------------------------
//发送方:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace WindowsFormsApplication1
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        const int WM_COPYDATA = 0x004A;

        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {

        }

        [DllImport("User32.dll",EntryPoint="SendMessage")]
         private static extern int SendMessage(
         int hWnd, // handle to destination window
         int Msg, // message
         int wParam, // first message parameter
         ref COPYDATASTRUCT lParam // second message parameter
        );

       [DllImport("User32.dll",EntryPoint="FindWindow")]
       private static extern int FindWindow(string lpClassName,string
       lpWindowName);

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            int WINDOW_HANDLER = FindWindow(null,@"欲发送程序窗口的标题");
            if(WINDOW_HANDLER != 0)
            {
              byte[] sarr = System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetBytes(this.textBox1.Text);
              int len = sarr.Length;
              COPYDATASTRUCT cds;
              cds.dwData = (IntPtr) 100;
              cds.lpData = this.textBox1.Text;
              cds.cbData = len + 1;
              SendMessage(WINDOW_HANDLER, WM_COPYDATA, 0, ref cds);}
            }
        }

       public struct COPYDATASTRUCT
       {
          public IntPtr dwData;
          public int cbData;
          [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]
           public string lpData;
       }
}

 

//---------------------------------------------------
//接受方
//---------------------------------------------------
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
namespace WindowsFormGetMsg
{
public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox1;
private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;
const int WM_COPYDATA = 0x004A;
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )
{
if( disposing )
{
if (components != null)
{
components.Dispose();
}
}
base.Dispose( disposing );
}
private void InitializeComponent()
{
this.textBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
this.SuspendLayout();
//
// textBox1
//
this.textBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(176, 32);
this.textBox1.Name = "textBox1";
this.textBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(160, 21);
this.textBox1.TabIndex = 0;
this.textBox1.Text = "textBox1";
//
// Form1
//
this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(6, 14);
this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(432, 266);
this.Controls.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.Control[] {
this.textBox1});
this.Name = "Form1";
this.Text = "接收方窗体";
this.ResumeLayout(false);
}
static void Main()
{
Application.Run(new Form1());
}
protected override void DefWndProc(ref System.Windows.Forms.Message m)
{
switch(m.Msg)
{
case WM_COPYDATA:
COPYDATASTRUCT mystr = new COPYDATASTRUCT();
Type mytype = mystr.GetType();
mystr =(COPYDATASTRUCT)m.GetLParam(mytype);
this.textBox1.Text =mystr.lpData;
break;
default:
base.DefWndProc(ref m);
break;
}
}
}
public struct COPYDATASTRUCT
{
public IntPtr dwData;
public int cbData;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] public string lpData;
}
}