Spring Boot 快速上手(五)集成Redis
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1.Redis安装启动
①下载Redis
为了方便起见,本文将会演示使用Windows版本的Redis。Redis的官方下载地址是https://redis.io/download,但是Redis项目并不支持Windows,好在Microsoft开放技术小组解决了这个问题。在浏览器中输入Redis的官方下载地址,页面如下:点击红色框中的 Learn more,新页面如下:
点击红色框中的 release page,即可进入Windows版本的下载页:
当前最新的发行版是3.0.504,该页面提供了多种格式文件的下载,此处选择下载zip格式的Redis,点击下载,得到文件Redis-x64-3.0.504.zip。
②启动Redis
解压下载得到的Redis文件,在文件夹中找到redis-server.exe文件,鼠标单击,出现如下界面:此时即已启动Redis服务端,默认端口号6379。
下面来验证下Redis服务是否可用,在解压后的文件夹里找到 redis-cli.exe文件,鼠标单击启动,可以看到如下界面:
接下来向Redis中存入一个键值对(name,"Jack"),然后根据key值name取出相应的value值,操作如下:
使用第三方工具RedisClient查看Redis存储如下:
2.Redis模板使用
①必要依赖
Spring Boot中使用Redis,需要在pom.xml中添加如下依赖:<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId></dependency>
②使用Redis模板
为了方便演示,新建控制类RedisController如下:package net.xxpsw.demo.springboot.data.redis;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestController@RequestMapping("redis")public class RedisController {@Autowiredprivate RedisTemplate<Object, Object> redisTemplate;}这里注解注入的Redis模板redisTemplate可以直接使用,原因在于Spring Boot已将此模板声明为Bean。源码见org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration:
@Configurationprotected static class RedisConfiguration {@Bean@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = "redisTemplate")public RedisTemplate<Object, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) throws UnknownHostException {RedisTemplate<Object, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<Object, Object>();template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);return template;}@Bean@ConditionalOnMissingBean(StringRedisTemplate.class)public StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) throws UnknownHostException {StringRedisTemplate template = new StringRedisTemplate();template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);return template;}}
③数据访问方法
Redis模板提供了以下数据访问的方法,可酌情使用:④存储第一个值
添加如下方法用以查看Redis模板的存储效果:/*** @Description: 使用Redis默认模板* @return String */@RequestMapping("cache0")public String cache0() {ValueOperations<Object, Object> opsForValue = redisTemplate.opsForValue();opsForValue.set("key0", "这是Redis存储的第一个值", 1000L, TimeUnit.SECONDS);return (String) opsForValue.get("key0");}浏览器中访问http://localhost:8088/demo/redis/cache0,页面结果如下:
上面的过程就是Redis存入、读取的简单示例。
3.自定义序列化
①默认序列化
Redis模板redisTemplate默认使用的序列化是JdkSerializationRedisSerializer,此外 Spring Data 还提供了以下类型的序列化:GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer,GenericToStringSerializer,Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer,OxmSerializer,StringRedisSerializer;方便起见,可以修改序列化为Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer和StringRedisSerializer。②修改序列化
创建Redis的配置文件RedisConfig:package net.xxpsw.demo.springboot.config.redis;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer;import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer;import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect.Visibility;import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.PropertyAccessor;import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;@Configurationpublic class RedisConfig {@Beanpublic RedisTemplate<Object, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {RedisTemplate<Object, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<Object, Object>();template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<Object> jackson2JsonRedisSerializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<>(Object.class);ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();om.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, Visibility.ANY);om.enableDefaultTyping(ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL);jackson2JsonRedisSerializer.setObjectMapper(om);template.setValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);template.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());template.afterPropertiesSet();return template;}}在上述文件中,Redis键的序列化修改成了 StringRedisSerializer,Redis值的序列化修改成了 Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer。
4.Redis参数配置
①参数源码
Redis的参数配置项在org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisProperties中,基本结构如下:@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.redis")public class RedisProperties {// Database index used by the connection factory.private int database = 0;// Redis url, which will overrule host, port and password if set.private String url;// Redis server host.private String host = "localhost";// Login password of the redis server.private String password;// Redis server port.private int port = 6379;// Enable SSL.private boolean ssl;// Connection timeout in milliseconds.private int timeout;private Pool pool;private Sentinel sentinel;private Cluster cluster;/** * Pool properties. */public static class Pool {// Max number of "idle" connections in the pool. Use a negative value to indicate an unlimited number of idle connections.private int maxIdle = 8;// Target for the minimum number of idle connections to maintain in the pool.// This setting only has an effect if it is positive.private int minIdle = 0;// Max number of connections that can be allocated by the pool at a given time. Use a negative value for no limit.private int maxActive = 8;// Maximum amount of time (in milliseconds) a connection allocation should block before throwing an exception// when the pool is exhausted. Use a negative value to block indefinitely.private int maxWait = -1;}/** * Cluster properties. */public static class Cluster {// Comma-separated list of "host:port" pairs to bootstrap from.// This represents an "initial" list of cluster nodes and is required to have at least one entry.private List<String> nodes;// Maximum number of redirects to follow when executing commands across the cluster.private Integer maxRedirects;}/** * Redis sentinel properties. */public static class Sentinel {// Name of Redis server.private String master;// Comma-separated list of host:port pairs.private String nodes;}}由源码可知,Redis的参数配置项均是以spring.redis为前缀的,如果配置了相关参数,则Spring Boot启动时会加载此类参数,从而完成Redis的自定义配置。
②常用配置参数
Redis使用的常用配置及说明如下:## Redis# Redis数据库索引(默认为0)spring.redis.database=0# Redis服务器地址(默认为localhost)spring.redis.host=127.0.0.1# Redis服务器连接端口(默认为6379)spring.redis.port=6379# Redis服务器连接密码(默认为空)# spring.redis.password=# 如果配置Redis url,将会覆盖host,port以及password,配置格式如下 redis://[<password>@]<host>:<port># spring.redis.url=# 连接超时时间(毫秒)spring.redis.timeout=0# 连接池中的最大空闲连接spring.redis.pool.max-idle=8 # 连接池中的最小空闲连接spring.redis.pool.min-idle=0 # 连接池最大连接数(使用负值表示没有限制)spring.redis.pool.max-active=8 # 连接池最大阻塞等待时间(使用负值表示没有限制)spring.redis.pool.max-wait=-1
③Redis url参数说明
配置Redis url将会覆盖host、port及password参数,相关的源码可查看 org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration:private void configureConnectionFromUrl(JedisConnectionFactory factory) {String url = this.properties.getUrl();if (url.startsWith("rediss://")) {factory.setUseSsl(true);}try {URI uri = new URI(url);factory.setHostName(uri.getHost());factory.setPort(uri.getPort());if (uri.getUserInfo() != null) {String password = uri.getUserInfo();int index = password.lastIndexOf(":");if (index >= 0) {password = password.substring(index + 1);}factory.setPassword(password);}} catch (URISyntaxException ex) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("Malformed 'spring.redis.url' " + url, ex);}}
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