PCM 编码为AAC

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PCM 编码为AAC

简介

ffmpeg version 3.4 Copyright (c) 2003-2017 the FFmpeg developersbuilt with Apple LLVM version 7.3.0 (clang-703.0.31)configuration: --prefix=/usr/local/media/ffmpeg_34 --enable-gpl --enable-avresample --disable-x86asm --disable-encoder=aac --disable-decoder=aac --enable-libfdk_aac --enable-nonfree --extra-cflags=-I/usr/local/media/libfdkaac/include/ --extra-ldflags=-L/usr/local/media/libfdkaac/lib --extra-cflags=-I/usr/local/media/libx264/include/ --extra-ldflags=-L/usr/local/media/libx264/lib由于音频数据在采样率、format有多种参数格式, ffmpeg自带的AAC支持有限,本例采样率8000就不支持,需要用fdkaac第三方库,本例编码依赖库为libfdk_aac.      

AAC

AAC 封装格式
AAC音频格式有ADIF和ADTS:ADIF:Audio Data Interchange Format 音频数据交换格式。这种格式的特征是可以确定的找到这个音频数据的开始,不需进行在音频数据流中间开始的解码,即它的解码必须在明确定义的开始处进行。故这种格式常用在磁盘文件中。ADTS:Audio Data Transport Stream 音频数据传输流。这种格式的特征是它是一个有同步字的比特流,解码可以在这个流中任何位置开始。它的特征类似于mp3数据流格式。简单说,ADTS可以在任意帧解码,也就是说它每一帧都有头信息。ADIF只有一个统一的头,所以必须得到所有的数据后解码。且这两种的header的格式也是不同的,目前一般编码后的和抽取出的都是ADTS格式的音频流。ADTS是帧序列,本身具备流特征,在音频流的传输与处理方面更加合适。
/** * 添加ADTS头部 * * @param packet    ADTS header 的 byte[],长度为7 * @param packetLen 该帧的长度,包括header的长度 */private void addADTStoPacket(byte[] packet, int packetLen) {    int profile = 2; // AAC LC    int freqIdx = 3; // 48000Hz    int chanCfg = 2; // 2 Channel    packet[0] = (byte) 0xFF;    packet[1] = (byte) 0xF9;    packet[2] = (byte) (((profile - 1) << 6) + (freqIdx << 2) + (chanCfg >> 2));    packet[3] = (byte) (((chanCfg & 3) << 6) + (packetLen >> 11));    packet[4] = (byte) ((packetLen & 0x7FF) >> 3);    packet[5] = (byte) (((packetLen & 7) << 5) + 0x1F);    packet[6] = (byte) 0xFC;}
其中profile表示使用哪个级别的AAC,在MPEG-2 AAC中定义了3种:

aac profile

AAC编解码
AAC 编解码器初始化时,nb_samples 固定为 1024。每次编码需要的样本数由av_samples_get_buffer_size计算得出,需要足够的数据,才能编码成功。

源码

#include <stdint.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <math.h>#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>#include <libavutil/opt.h>#include <libavutil/channel_layout.h>#include <libavutil/common.h>#include <libavutil/imgutils.h>#include <libavutil/mathematics.h>#include <libavutil/samplefmt.h>#include <libavutil/frame.h>#include <libavformat/avformat.h>#include <libswscale/swscale.h>#include <libavutil/channel_layout.h>#include <libavutil/common.h>#include <libavutil/frame.h>#include <libavutil/samplefmt.h>static int write_aac_header(FILE* fp, AVPacket* pkt);/* check that a given sample format is supported by the encoder */static int check_sample_fmt(const AVCodec *codec, enum AVSampleFormat sample_fmt){    const enum AVSampleFormat *p = codec->sample_fmts;    while (*p != AV_SAMPLE_FMT_NONE) {        if (*p == sample_fmt)            return 1;        p++;    }    return 0;}static void encode(AVCodecContext *ctx, AVFrame *frame, AVPacket *pkt,                   FILE *output){    int ret;    /* send the frame for encoding */    ret = avcodec_send_frame(ctx, frame);    if (ret < 0) {        fprintf(stderr, "Error sending the frame to the encoder\n");        exit(1);    }    fprintf(stdout, "Sending the frame to the encoder\n");    /* read all the available output packets (in general there may be any     * number of them */    while (ret >= 0) {        ret = avcodec_receive_packet(ctx, pkt);        if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN) || ret == AVERROR_EOF)            return;        else if (ret < 0) {            fprintf(stderr, "Error encoding audio frame\n");            exit(1);        }        write_aac_header(output, pkt);        fwrite(pkt->data, 1, pkt->size, output);        fprintf(stdout, "write %d\n", pkt->size);        av_packet_unref(pkt);    }    return;}//AAC有两种封装格式,分别是ADIF ADTS,多与流媒体一般使用ADTS格式。见://http://www.jianshu.com/p/839b11e0638b aac freqIdxchar aac_adts_header[7] = {0};int chanCfg = 1;            //MPEG-4 Audio Channel Configuration. 1 Channel front-centerstatic int init_aac_header() {    int profile = 2;   //AAC LC    int freqIdx = 11;   //8000HZ    aac_adts_header[0] = (char)0xFF;      // 11111111     = syncword    aac_adts_header[1] = (char)0xF1;      // 1111 1 00 1  = syncword MPEG-2 Layer CRC    aac_adts_header[2] = (char)(((profile - 1) << 6) + (freqIdx << 2) + (chanCfg >> 2));    aac_adts_header[6] = (char)0xFC;    return 0;}static int write_aac_header(FILE* fp, AVPacket* pkt) {    aac_adts_header[3] = (char)(((chanCfg & 3) << 6) + ((7 + pkt->size) >> 11));    aac_adts_header[4] = (char)(((7 + pkt->size) & 0x7FF) >> 3);    aac_adts_header[5] = (char)((((7 + pkt->size) & 7) << 5) + 0x1F);    fwrite(aac_adts_header, 7, 1, fp);    return 0;}int main(int argc, char **argv){    AVFrame *frame;    AVCodec *codec = NULL;    AVPacket *pkt;    AVCodecContext *codecContext;    int readSize=0;    FILE * fileIn,*fileOut;    int frameCount=0;    /* register all the codecs */    av_register_all();    init_aac_header();    if(argc!=3){        fprintf(stdout,"usage:./a.out xxx.pcm xxx.aac\n");        return -1;    }    fileIn =fopen(argv[1],"r+");    if (fileIn == NULL) {        fprintf(stderr, "fopen failed %s\n", argv[1]);        exit(1);    }    //3.读出来的数据,我们需要编码,因此需要编码器    //下面的函数找到h.264类型的编码器    /* find the mpeg1 video encoder */    codec = avcodec_find_encoder(AV_CODEC_ID_AAC);    if (!codec){        fprintf(stderr, "Codec not found\n");        exit(1);    }    //有了编码器,我们还需要编码器的上下文环境,用来控制编码的过程    codecContext = avcodec_alloc_context3(codec);//分配AVCodecContext实例    if (!codecContext){        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate video codec context\n");        return -1;    }    /* put sample parameters */    codecContext->bit_rate = 64000;    /* check that the encoder supports s16 pcm input */    codecContext->sample_fmt = AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S16;    if (!check_sample_fmt(codec, codecContext->sample_fmt)) {        fprintf(stderr, "Encoder does not support sample format %s",                av_get_sample_fmt_name(codecContext->sample_fmt));        exit(1);    }    codecContext->sample_rate = 8000;    codecContext->channel_layout = AV_CH_LAYOUT_MONO;    codecContext->channels = av_get_channel_layout_nb_channels(codecContext->channel_layout);    /* select other audio parameters supported by the encoder */    //准备好了编码器和编码器上下文环境,现在可以打开编码器了    //根据编码器上下文打开编码器    if (avcodec_open2(codecContext, codec, NULL) < 0){        fprintf(stderr, "Could not open codec\n");        return -1;    }    /* packet for holding encoded output */    pkt = av_packet_alloc();    if (!pkt) {        fprintf(stderr, "could not allocate the packet\n");        exit(1);    }    //读出的一帧数据保存在AVFrame中。    frame  = av_frame_alloc();    if (!frame) {        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate audio frame\n");        exit(1);    }    frame->nb_samples = codecContext->frame_size;;    frame->format = codecContext->sample_fmt;    frame->channel_layout = codecContext->channel_layout;    /* allocate the data buffers */    int ret = av_frame_get_buffer(frame, 0);    if (ret < 0) {        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate audio data buffers\n");        exit(1);    }    int data_size = av_samples_get_buffer_size(NULL, codecContext->channels, frame->nb_samples, frame->format, 0);    //4.准备输出文件    fileOut= fopen(argv[2],"w+");    //下面开始编码    while(1){        //读一帧数据出来        //frame->pts = 1;        readSize = fread(frame->data[0], 1,data_size,fileIn);        if(readSize == 0){            fprintf(stdout,"end of file\n");            frameCount++;            break;        }        encode(codecContext, frame, pkt, fileOut);    }    //flush    encode(codecContext, NULL, pkt, fileOut);    fclose(fileIn);    fclose(fileOut);    av_frame_free(&frame);    av_packet_free(&pkt);    avcodec_free_context(&codecContext);    return 0;}

源码下载

GITHUB : https://github.com/jaygno/pcm_2_aac

参考资料

FFmpeg(2016)PCM编码AAC
AAC ADTS结构分析
AAC 格式简介
Android音视频处理之AAC编码

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