Django 权限认证 编写 -- 根据不同的用户，设置不同的显示和访问权限

示意图：

html：（模态框等 html和js代码，参考：Django 创建/删除用户）

{#  权限管理  #}    <div id="permissionManageDiv" style="margin-left: 10px; display: none;">        <div>            <h4 style="margin-top: 15px;">选择用户</h4>            <hr style="margin-top: 5px;" />            <select name="usernamePermission" id="usernamePermission" class="selectpicker" data-live-search="true">                {% for user in users %}                    <option value="{{ user.username }}">{{ user.username }}</option>                {% endfor %}            </select>            <hr />        </div>        <div>            <h4 style="margin-top: 15px;">勾选权限</h4>            <hr style="margin-top: 5px;" />            <div style="margin-bottom: 10px;">                <div class="input-group input-group-lg" style="float: left; margin-right: 10px;">                    <span class="input-group-addon">玩家管理</span>                    <span class="input-group-addon">                        <input type="checkbox" name="permissionList" value="0" />                    </span>                </div>                <div class="input-group input-group-lg" style="float: left; margin-right: 10px;">                    <span class="input-group-addon">联盟管理</span>                    <span class="input-group-addon">                        <input type="checkbox" name="permissionList" value="1" />                    </span>                </div>                <div class="input-group input-group-lg" style="float: left; margin-right: 10px;">                    <span class="input-group-addon">公告邮件</span>                    <span class="input-group-addon">                        <input type="checkbox" name="permissionList" value="2" />                    </span>                </div>                <div class="input-group input-group-lg" style="float: left; margin-right: 10px;">                    <span class="input-group-addon">订单系统</span>                    <span class="input-group-addon">                        <input type="checkbox" name="permissionList" value="3" />                    </span>                </div>                <div class="input-group input-group-lg" style="">                    <span class="input-group-addon">礼包奖励</span>                    <span class="input-group-addon">                        <input type="checkbox" name="permissionList" value="4" />                    </span>                </div>            </div>            <div>                <div class="input-group input-group-lg" style="float: left; margin-right: 10px;">                    <span class="input-group-addon">客服反馈</span>                    <span class="input-group-addon">                        <input type="checkbox" name="permissionList" value="5" />                    </span>                </div>                <div class="input-group input-group-lg" style="float: left; margin-right: 10px;">                    <span class="input-group-addon">玩家日志</span>                    <span class="input-group-addon">                        <input type="checkbox" name="permissionList" value="6" />                    </span>                </div>                <div class="input-group input-group-lg" style="float: left; margin-right: 10px;">                    <span class="input-group-addon">服务器管理</span>                    <span class="input-group-addon">                        <input type="checkbox" name="permissionList" value="7" />                    </span>                </div>                <div class="input-group input-group-lg">                    <span class="input-group-addon">管理员管理</span>                    <span class="input-group-addon">                        <input type="checkbox" name="permissionList" value="8" />                    </span>                </div>            </div>        </div>        <button type="button" id="changePermissionBtn" class="btn btn-default" style="width: 100px; margin-top: 15px;" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#alertTip" data-whatever="重置权限？" >提&nbsp;&nbsp;交</button>    </div>

js：

// 修改权限function changePermission() {    var permissionList = $('input[name="permissionList"]:checked');    var permissions = '';    $.each(permissionList, function (index, value, array) {        if (index+1 == permissionList.length) {   // 最后一位，不加逗号            permissions += permissionList[index].value;        } else {            permissions += permissionList[index].value + ', ';        }    });    $.ajax({        url: '/changePermission',        type: 'POST',        data: {            username: $('#usernamePermission').val(),            permissions: permissions        },        success: function (data, textStatus) {            if (data == 1) {                alert('修改成功！');                window.location.href = 'index';            } else if (data == -1) {                alert('未知错误！');            }        },        error: function (XMLHttpRequest, textStatus, errorThrown) {            alert(errorThrown);        }    })}

Django models 中，建立 模型： （这一步很重要！！！）
– 建立好后，记得用 makemigrations 和 migrate 同步一下！！

from django.db import modelsclass Permission(models.Model):    class Meta:        #权限信息，这里定义的权限的名字，后面是描述信息，描述信息是在django admin中显示权限用的        permissions = (            ('views_slg_users_tem', '查看玩家管理'),            ('views_slg_alliance_tem', '查看联盟管理'),            ('views_slg_mail_notice_tem', '查看公告邮件'),            ('views_slg_order_tem', '查看订单系统'),            ('views_slg_reward_tem', '查看礼包奖励'),            ('views_slg_service_reply_tem', '查看客服反馈'),            ('views_slg_user_log_tem', '查看玩家日志'),            ('views_slg_server_tem', '查看服务器管理'),            ('views_slg_manager_tem', '查看管理员管理'),        )

建立好后，数据库表(auth_permission)类似于这样： （id 那一列，很重要！！我们后面添加权限要用到的！！）

后端python–views视图：

from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required, permission_requiredfrom django.contrib.auth.models import Userfrom django.views.decorators.http import require_http_methodsfrom django.http import HttpResponsefrom django.shortcuts import renderfrom slg.models.slg.slg_manager_tem import db_change_permission)# 修改权限@login_required(login_url='slg:login')@require_http_methods(["POST"])@permission_required('slg.views_slg_manager_tem', login_url='slg:get_permissionDenied')def change_permission(request):    permissionsList = [                        'views_slg_users_tem',                        'views_slg_mail_notice_tem',                        'views_slg_order_tem',                        'views_slg_reward_tem',                         'views_slg_service_reply_tem',                        'views_slg_user_log_tem',                         'views_slg_server_tem',                         'views_slg_manager_tem'                       ]    username = request.POST['username']    permissions = request.POST['permissions'].split(', ')    if permissions[0] != '':   # 不为空时        for index, value in enumerate(permissions):            permissions[index] = permissionsList[int(value)]    # 将 数字 替换为 上面数组中的 字符串        print(permissions)    else:        permissions = []    changeResult = db_change_permission(username, permissions)    return HttpResponse(changeResult)

后端python–models视图：

from django.contrib.auth.models import Userfrom django.contrib.auth import authenticatefrom django.db.utils import IntegrityErrorfrom . import db_models as db# 修改权限def db_change_permission(username, permissions):    try:        user = User.objects.get(username=username)        if permissions:            pers = []            for per in permissions:                db_per = db.AuthPermission.objects.filter(codename=per).values('id')[0]['id']   # 只把 id 取出来                pers.append(db_per)            #print(pers)   # 形如： [147, 150, 152]  数字为 auth_permission 中的 id            user.user_permissions = pers  # 这里，只能 加 id，加 codename 是不行的！！！        else:            user.user_permissions.clear()        User.objects.get(username=username)   # 刷新 缓存        #print(user.get_all_permissions())    except Exception:        return -1    else:        return 1   # 修改成功

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错误页面相关： （它是类似于：403， 404 等页面的汇总，也需要设置相关路由）

permissionDenied.html：

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en">{% load staticfiles %}<head>    <meta charset="UTF-8">    <title>403</title></head><body>    <h1>403</h1>    <h2>You don't have enought permissions to this action!</h2></body></html>

view视图：

from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_requiredfrom django.views.decorators.http import require_http_methodsfrom django.shortcuts import render# GET 渲染 403页面@login_required(login_url='slg:login')@require_http_methods(["GET", "POST"])def get_permissionDenied(request):    return render(request, 'slg/permissionDenied.html')

url路由：

'''总路由，路由分发地'''from django.conf.urls import url, includeurlpatterns = [    url(r'^', include('slg.urls.slg.error')),                      # 错误页面 相关路由]

'''子路由，这里进入具体的html页面'''from django.conf.urls import urlfrom slg.views.slg import errorurlpatterns = [    url(r'^permissionDenied$', error.get_permissionDenied, name='get_permissionDenied'),  # 403页面]

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正常页面的 权限设置：
base.html：（模板页面，所有页面都继承于此）

 {% if 'slg.views_slg_users_tem' in perms %}      {#  判断 是否 有访问权限，没有的话，就不显示该菜单  #}            <li role="presentation" class="main-menu" id="top_one">                <a href="{% url 'slg:get_slg_users_tem' %}" style="margin-left: 5px;"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-fire"></span>玩家管理</a>            </li>        {% endif %}

其他 veiws视图 中的设置：

from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required, permission_requiredfrom django.contrib.auth.models import Userfrom django.views.decorators.http import require_http_methodsfrom django.shortcuts import render# GET 渲染页面 （其他的POST请求中，最好也加入 @permission_required 用来限制访问）@login_required(login_url='slg:login')@require_http_methods(["GET"])@permission_required('slg.views_slg_users_tem', login_url='slg:get_permissionDenied')  #权限装饰器def get_users_tem(request):    perms = User.get_all_permissions(request.user)    #获取 访问请求 用户的 所有权限    context = {"perms": perms}    return render(request, 'slg/slg_users_tem.html', context=context)