Android6.0动态权限申请

来源：互联网发布：剑灵天族女捏脸数据韩编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/05/22 11:49

Android 6.0权限申请是6.0的新特性。

6.0以后权限的申请改成了动态申请,如果你的targetSdkVersion大于23且手机系统是6.0以上的就需要动态申请权限.

参考文献：

http://blog.csdn.net/totcw/article/details/53409392

http://www.jianshu.com/p/a51593817825

要了解如何申请权限，首先我们需要先了解一下android的有关权限，以下是需要单独申请的权限，共分为9组，每组只要有一个权限申请成功了，就默认整组权限都可以使用了。

public static final class permission_group {    public static final String CALENDAR = "android.permission-group.CALENDAR";    public static final String CAMERA = "android.permission-group.CAMERA";    public static final String CONTACTS = "android.permission-group.CONTACTS";    public static final String LOCATION = "android.permission-group.LOCATION";    public static final String MICROPHONE = "android.permission-group.MICROPHONE";    public static final String PHONE = "android.permission-group.PHONE";    public static final String SENSORS = "android.permission-group.SENSORS";    public static final String SMS = "android.permission-group.SMS";    public static final String STORAGE = "android.permission-group.STORAGE";    public permission_group() {        throw new RuntimeException("Stub!");    }}

//联系人
  group:android.permission-group.CONTACTS    permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS    permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS        permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS
//电话  group:android.permission-group.PHONE    permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG    permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE     permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE    permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG    permission:android.permission.USE_SIP    permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS    permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL
//日历  group:android.permission-group.CALENDAR    permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR    permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR
//相机  group:android.permission-group.CAMERA    permission:android.permission.CAMERA
//传感器  group:android.permission-group.SENSORS    permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS
//位置  group:android.permission-group.LOCATION    permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION    permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
//sd卡  group:android.permission-group.STORAGE    permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE    permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
//麦克风  group:android.permission-group.MICROPHONE    permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO
//短信  group:android.permission-group.SMS    permission:android.permission.READ_SMS    permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH    permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS    permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS    permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS    permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS

以下是——普通权限————只需要配置在AndroidManifest.xml中静态注册即可。

  android.permission.ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS  android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE  android.permission.ACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICY  android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE  android.permission.ACCESS_WIMAX_STATE  android.permission.BLUETOOTH  android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN  android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY  android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE  android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE  android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE  android.permission.CHANGE_WIMAX_STATE  android.permission.DISABLE_KEYGUARD  android.permission.EXPAND_STATUS_BAR  android.permission.FLASHLIGHT  android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS  android.permission.GET_PACKAGE_SIZE  android.permission.INTERNET  android.permission.KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES  android.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS  android.permission.NFC  android.permission.READ_SYNC_SETTINGS  android.permission.READ_SYNC_STATS  android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED  android.permission.REORDER_TASKS  android.permission.REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES  android.permission.SET_TIME_ZONE  android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER  android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS  android.permission.SUBSCRIBED_FEEDS_READ  android.permission.TRANSMIT_IR  android.permission.USE_FINGERPRINT  android.permission.VIBRATE  android.permission.WAKE_LOCK  android.permission.WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS  com.android.alarm.permission.SET_ALARM  com.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT  com.android.launcher.permission.UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT

普通权限太多，就不一一介绍了。

———————————6.0申请权限步骤—————————————————

1.设置targetSdk 版本

将targetSdkVersion设置为23，注意，如果你将targetSdkVersion设置为>=23，则必须按照Android谷歌的要求，动态的申请权限，如果你暂时不打算支持动态权限申请，则targetSdkVersion最大只能设置为22.

2.在AndroidManifest.xml中申请你需要的权限

在AndroidManifest.xml中申请你需要的权限，包括普通权限和需要申请的特殊权限。

3.判断是否有权限，无权限友好提示

（1）检查是否有此权限checkSelfPermission()，如果已经开启，则直接做你想做的。

（2）如果未开启，则判断是否需要向用户解释为何申请权限shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale。

（3）如果需要（即返回true），则可以弹出对话框提示用户申请权限原因，用户确认后申请权限requestPermissions()，如果不需要（即返回false），则直接申请权限requestPermission。

备注！！！

（1）checkSelfPermission：检查是否拥有这个权限（2）requestPermissions：请求权限，一般会弹出一个系统对话框，询问用户是否开启这个权限。（3）shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale：Android原生系统中，如果第二次弹出权限申请的对话框，会出现“以后不再弹出”的提示框，如果用户勾选了，你再申请权限，则shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale返回true，意思是说要给用户一个解释，告诉用户为什么要这个权限。然而，在实际开发中，需要注意的是，很多手机对原生系统做了修改，比如小米，小米4的6.0的shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale 就一直返回false，而且在申请权限时，如果用户选择了拒绝，则不会再弹出对话框了。。。。所以说这个地方有坑，我的解决方法是，在回调里面处理，如果用户拒绝了这个权限，则打开本应用信息界面，由用户自己手动开启这个权限。（4）每个应用都有自己的权限管理界面，里面有本应用申请的权限以及各种状态，即使用户已经同意了你申请的权限，他也随时可以关闭

理论普及到此。

package com.example.mytry;import android.Manifest;import android.app.Activity;import android.content.DialogInterface;import android.content.Intent;import android.content.pm.PackageManager;import android.net.Uri;import android.provider.Settings;import android.support.annotation.NonNull;import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;import android.support.v7.app.AlertDialog;import android.util.Log;import android.widget.Toast;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;/** * Created by qianxiaoai on 2016/7/7. */public class PermissionUtils {    private static final String TAG = PermissionUtils.class.getSimpleName();    public static final int CODE_RECORD_AUDIO = 0;    public static final int CODE_GET_ACCOUNTS = 1;    public static final int CODE_READ_PHONE_STATE = 2;    public static final int CODE_CALL_PHONE = 3;    public static final int CODE_CAMERA = 4;    public static final int CODE_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION = 5;    public static final int CODE_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION = 6;    public static final int CODE_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 7;    public static final int CODE_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 8;    public static final int CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION = 100;    public static final String PERMISSION_RECORD_AUDIO = Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO;    public static final String PERMISSION_GET_ACCOUNTS = Manifest.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS;    public static final String PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE = Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE;    public static final String PERMISSION_CALL_PHONE = Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE;    public static final String PERMISSION_CAMERA = Manifest.permission.CAMERA;    public static final String PERMISSION_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION = Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION;    public static final String PERMISSION_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION = Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION;    public static final String PERMISSION_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE;    public static final String PERMISSION_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE;    private static final String[] requestPermissions = {            PERMISSION_RECORD_AUDIO,            PERMISSION_GET_ACCOUNTS,            PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE,            PERMISSION_CALL_PHONE,            PERMISSION_CAMERA,            PERMISSION_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,            PERMISSION_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION,            PERMISSION_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,            PERMISSION_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE    };    interface PermissionGrant {        void onPermissionGranted(int requestCode);    }    /**     * Requests permission.     *     * @param activity     * @param requestCode request code, e.g. if you need request CAMERA permission,parameters is PermissionUtils.CODE_CAMERA     */    public static void requestPermission(final Activity activity, final int requestCode, PermissionGrant permissionGrant) {        if (activity == null) {            return;        }        if (requestCode < 0 || requestCode >= requestPermissions.length) {            Log.w(TAG, "requestPermission illegal requestCode:" + requestCode);            return;        }        final String requestPermission = requestPermissions[requestCode];        //如果是6.0以下的手机，ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission()会始终等于PERMISSION_GRANTED，        // 但是，如果用户关闭了你申请的权限，ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(),会导致程序崩溃(java.lang.RuntimeException: Unknown exception code: 1 msg null)，        // 你可以使用try{}catch(){},处理异常，也可以在这个地方，低于23就什么都不做，        // 个人建议try{}catch(){}单独处理，提示用户开启权限。//        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 23) {//            return;//        }        int checkSelfPermission;        try {            checkSelfPermission = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, requestPermission);        } catch (RuntimeException e) {            Toast.makeText(activity, "please open this permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)                    .show();            Log.e(TAG, "RuntimeException:" + e.getMessage());            return;        }        if (checkSelfPermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {            if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity, requestPermission)) {                shouldShowRationale(activity, requestCode, requestPermission);            } else {                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, new String[]{requestPermission}, requestCode);            }        } else {            Toast.makeText(activity, "opened:" + requestPermissions[requestCode], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();            permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(requestCode);        }    }    private static void requestMultiResult(Activity activity, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults, PermissionGrant permissionGrant) {        if (activity == null) {            return;        }        //TODO        Log.d(TAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult permissions length:" + permissions.length);        Map<String, Integer> perms = new HashMap<>();        ArrayList<String> notGranted = new ArrayList<>();        for (int i = 0; i < permissions.length; i++) {            Log.d(TAG, "permissions: [i]:" + i + ", permissions[i]" + permissions[i] + ",grantResults[i]:" + grantResults[i]);            perms.put(permissions[i], grantResults[i]);            if (grantResults[i] != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {                notGranted.add(permissions[i]);            }        }        if (notGranted.size() == 0) {            Toast.makeText(activity, "all permission success" + notGranted, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)                    .show();            permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION);        } else {            openSettingActivity(activity, "those permission need granted!");        }    }    /**     * 一次申请多个权限     */    public static void requestMultiPermissions(final Activity activity, PermissionGrant grant) {        final List<String> permissionsList = getNoGrantedPermission(activity, false);        final List<String> shouldRationalePermissionsList = getNoGrantedPermission(activity, true);        //TODO checkSelfPermission        if (permissionsList == null || shouldRationalePermissionsList == null) {            return;        }        Log.d(TAG, "requestMultiPermissions permissionsList:" + permissionsList.size() + ",shouldRationalePermissionsList:" + shouldRationalePermissionsList.size());        if (permissionsList.size() > 0) {            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, permissionsList.toArray(new String[permissionsList.size()]),                    CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION);            Log.d(TAG, "showMessageOKCancel requestPermissions");        } else if (shouldRationalePermissionsList.size() > 0) {            showMessageOKCancel(activity, "should open those permission",                    new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {                        @Override                        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {                            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, shouldRationalePermissionsList.toArray(new String[shouldRationalePermissionsList.size()]),                                    CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION);                            Log.d(TAG, "showMessageOKCancel requestPermissions");                        }                    });        } else {            grant.onPermissionGranted(CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION);        }    }    private static void shouldShowRationale(final Activity activity, final int requestCode, final String requestPermission) {        //TODO        String[] permissionsHint = activity.getResources().getStringArray(R.array.permissions);        showMessageOKCancel(activity, "Rationale: " + permissionsHint[requestCode], new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity,                        new String[]{requestPermission},                        requestCode);                Log.d(TAG, "showMessageOKCancel requestPermissions:" + requestPermission);            }        });    }    private static void showMessageOKCancel(final Activity context, String message, DialogInterface.OnClickListener okListener) {        new AlertDialog.Builder(context)                .setMessage(message)                .setPositiveButton("OK", okListener)                .setNegativeButton("Cancel", null)                .create()                .show();    }    /**     * @param activity     * @param requestCode  Need consistent with requestPermission     * @param permissions     * @param grantResults     */    public static void requestPermissionsResult(final Activity activity, final int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions,                                                @NonNull int[] grantResults, PermissionGrant permissionGrant) {        if (activity == null) {            return;        }        Log.d(TAG, "requestPermissionsResult requestCode:" + requestCode);        if (requestCode == CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION) {            requestMultiResult(activity, permissions, grantResults, permissionGrant);            return;        }        if (requestCode < 0 || requestCode >= requestPermissions.length) {            Log.w(TAG, "requestPermissionsResult illegal requestCode:" + requestCode);            Toast.makeText(activity, "illegal requestCode:" + requestCode, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();            return;        }        Log.i(TAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult requestCode:" + requestCode + ",permissions:" + permissions.toString()                + ",grantResults:" + grantResults.toString() + ",length:" + grantResults.length);        if (grantResults.length == 1 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {            Log.i(TAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult PERMISSION_GRANTED");            //TODO success, do something, can use callback            permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(requestCode);        } else {            //TODO hint user this permission function            Log.i(TAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult PERMISSION NOT GRANTED");            //TODO            String[] permissionsHint = activity.getResources().getStringArray(R.array.permissions);            openSettingActivity(activity,  "Result" + permissionsHint[requestCode]);        }    }    private static void openSettingActivity(final Activity activity, String message) {        showMessageOKCancel(activity, message, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {                Intent intent = new Intent();                intent.setAction(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);                Log.d(TAG, "getPackageName(): " + activity.getPackageName());                Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", activity.getPackageName(), null);                intent.setData(uri);                activity.startActivity(intent);            }        });    }    /**     * @param activity     * @param isShouldRationale true: return no granted and shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale permissions, false:return no granted and !shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale     * @return     */    public static ArrayList<String> getNoGrantedPermission(Activity activity, boolean isShouldRationale) {        ArrayList<String> permissions = new ArrayList<>();        for (int i = 0; i < requestPermissions.length; i++) {            String requestPermission = requestPermissions[i];            //TODO checkSelfPermission            int checkSelfPermission = -1;            try {                checkSelfPermission = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, requestPermission);            } catch (RuntimeException e) {                Toast.makeText(activity, "please open those permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)                        .show();                Log.e(TAG, "RuntimeException:" + e.getMessage());                return null;            }            if (checkSelfPermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {                Log.i(TAG, "getNoGrantedPermission ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED:" + requestPermission);                if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity, requestPermission)) {                    Log.d(TAG, "shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale if");                    if (isShouldRationale) {                        permissions.add(requestPermission);                    }                } else {                    if (!isShouldRationale) {                        permissions.add(requestPermission);                    }                    Log.d(TAG, "shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale else");                }            }        }        return permissions;    }}

转载自 http://www.jianshu.com/p/a51593817825 不错的例子。get

阅读全文

0 0