python---函数（返回整型最大/最小值、返回字符串最长的串、函数返回任意的module的帮助文档内容、读取目录下内容、）

python—函数（返回整型最大/最小值、返回字符串最长的串、）
习题：

1.定义一个方法 func，该func可以引入任意多的整型参数，结果返回其中最大与最小的值。

使用元组的求解最大值/最小值的函数（http://www.yiibai.com/python/tuple_max.html），使用函数返回多个值（http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaoit/p/4046533.html）
元组内置函数
Python元组包含了以下内置函数
1、cmp(tuple1, tuple2)：比较两个元组元素。
2、len(tuple)：计算元组元素个数。
3、max(tuple)：返回元组中元素最大值。
4、min(tuple)：返回元组中元素最小值。
5、tuple(seq)：将列表转换为元组。

root@kali:~/python/laowangpy/function# cat 1funcmaxmin.py #!/usr/bin/python# --*-- coding:utf-8 --*--def funtuple(*num):    return max(num),min(num)print funtuple(1,4,5,6,2,3,57,8)print funtuple(33,67,8,9,12,36,44,2,3)root@kali:~/python/laowangpy/function# python 1funcmaxmin.py (57, 1)(67, 2)root@kali:~/python/laowangpy/function# 

2.定义一个方法func，该func可以引入任意多的字符串参数，结果返回（长度）最长的字符串。
两种解决方式：
方法一：使用list列表的lambda，sorted排序一句话解决（https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/268619689814821485.html）

root@kali:~/python/laowangpy/function# cat 2funcmaxchar.py #!/usr/bin/python# --*-- coding:utf-8 --*--list = []def lenchartuple(*char):    list.append(char)    print list    return sorted(list[0],key=lambda x: len(x))[-1]#使用sored对列表从小到大排序，取最后一个最大元素#print lenchartuple("qwssd","werewfdfdsfdsf","ac","xwbfg")print lenchartuple("cdf","fvfgregr","retsdvreg","rgerfdbfgnhgh")root@kali:~/python/laowangpy/function# python 2funcmaxchar.py [('cdf', 'fvfgregr', 'retsdvreg', 'rgerfdbfgnhgh')]rgerfdbfgnhghroot@kali:~/python/laowangpy/function# 

方法二：使用list列表转换成字典、字典的值使用max/min和lanbda（http://www.cnblogs.com/harvey888/p/6006202.html）

参考

Python中获取字典中最值对应的键利用min(dict, key=dict.get)>>> d = {1:1, 2:0, 3:2}{1: 1, 2: 0, 3: 2}>>> min(d, key=d.get)2利用lambda函数>>> min(d.items(), key=lambda x: x[1]) (2, 0)>>> min(d, key=lambda x: d[x])2

root@kali:~/python/laowangpy/function# cat 2funcmaxchar.py #!/usr/bin/python# --*-- coding:utf-8 --*--dic = {}list = []def lenchartuple(*char):    i = 0    list.append(char)    print list    #return sorted(list[0],key=lambda x: len(x))[-1]    while list[0][i] != "":        dic[list[0][i]] = len(list[0][i])        i = i + 1    #利用min(dict, key=dict.get)    return max(dic, key=dic.get)    #利用lambda函数    #return max(dic.items(), key=lambda x: x[1])    #return max(dic, key=lambda x: dic[x])#print lenchartuple("qwssd","werewfdfdsfdsf","ac","xwbfg")print lenchartuple("cdf","fvfgregr","retsdvreg","rgerfdbfgnhgh","")root@kali:~/python/laowangpy/function# python 2funcmaxchar.py [('cdf', 'fvfgregr', 'retsdvreg', 'rgerfdbfgnhgh', '')]rgerfdbfgnhghroot@kali:~/python/laowangpy/function# 

3.定义一个方法get_doc(module)，module参数为该脚本中导入或定义的模块对象，该函数返回module的帮助文档。

方法一：
例 print get_doc(urllib),则会输出urllib这个模块的帮助文档。（http://www.cnblogs.com/alan-babyblog/archive/2016/02/29/5227869.html）
使用动态导入import()模块功能，加载随时需要查询的模块

root@kali:~/python/laowangpy/function# cat 3gethelpmodule.py #!/usr/bin/python# --*-- coding:utf-8 --*--def gethelpmod(*char):    c = char[0]    print c#打印要输出的模块名称    helpmod = __import__(c)#使用动态导入__import__()模块功能，加载随时需要查询的模块    return help(helpmod)print gethelpmod("urllib")root@kali:~/python/laowangpy/function# python 3gethelpmodule.py urllibNoneroot@kali:~/python/laowangpy/function# 

dir()查看模块属性

# 方式：使用__import__()导入模块# 导入指定模块，导入时会执行全局方法。ip_module = __import__(imp_module)# dir()查看模块属性print(dir(ip_module))root@kali:~/python/laowangpy/function# cat 3gethelpmodule.py #!/usr/bin/python# --*-- coding:utf-8 --*--def gethelpmod(*char):    c = char[0]    print c#打印要输出的模块名称    helpmod = __import__(c)#使用动态导入__import__()模块功能，加载随时需要查询的模块    return help(helpmod)print  dir(gethelpmod("urllib"))root@kali:~/python/laowangpy/function# root@kali:~/python/laowangpy/function# python 3gethelpmodule.py urllib['__class__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__format__', '__getattribute__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__']root@kali:~/python/laowangpy/function# 

方法二：

root@kali:~/python/laowangpy/function# cat 3gethelpmodule2.py #!/usr/bin/python# --*-- coding:utf-8 --*--import osdef gethelpmod(module):    a = 'pydoc %s' % module#使用pydoc可以直接读取任意模块的帮助文档，格式为pydoc urllib    m = os.popen(a).read()    return mprint  gethelpmod("urllib")root@kali:~/python/laowangpy/function# python 3gethelpmodule2.py Help on module urllib:NAME    urllib - Open an arbitrary URL.FILE    /usr/lib/python2.7/urllib.pyMODULE DOCS    http://docs.python.org/library/urllibDESCRIPTION    See the following document for more info on URLs:    "Names and Addresses, URIs, URLs, URNs, URCs", at    http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/Addressing/Overview.html................................................

pydoc 可以直接运行。格式为pydoc xxxx(模块名)

root@kali:~/python/laowangpy/function# pydocpydoc - the Python documentation toolpydoc <name> ...    Show text documentation on something.  <name> may be the name of a    Python keyword, topic, function, module, or package, or a dotted    reference to a class or function within a module or module in a    package.  If <name> contains a '/', it is used as the path to a    Python source file to document. If name is 'keywords', 'topics',    or 'modules', a listing of these things is displayed.pydoc -k <keyword>    Search for a keyword in the synopsis lines of all available modules.pydoc -p <port>    Start an HTTP server on the given port on the local machine.pydoc -g    Pop up a graphical interface for finding and serving documentation.pydoc -w <name> ...    Write out the HTML documentation for a module to a file in the current    directory.  If <name> contains a '/', it is treated as a filename; if    it names a directory, documentation is written for all the contents.root@kali:~/python/laowangpy/function# pydoc urllibroot@kali:~/python/laowangpy/function# 

4.定义一个方法get_text(f),f参数为任意一个文件的磁盘路径，该函数返回f文件的内容。（参考http://www.jb51.net/article/48001.htm）

#linux的目录读取root@kali:~/python/laowangpy/function# cat 4pathwin.py #!/usr/bin/python# --*-- coding:utf-8 --*--import sysimport osdef gettext(*path):    print path[0]    return os.listdir(path[0])print  gettext("/root/python/laowangpy/function/")root@kali:~/python/laowangpy/function# python 4pathwin.py /root/python/laowangpy/function/['funvar2.py', 'fuc_name_1.py', '4pathwin.py', '2funcmaxchar.py', '3gethelpmodule.py', 'fuc_add.py', 'funvar1.py', '.4pathwin.py.swp', '1funcmaxmin.py', 'funvar3.py']root@kali:~/python/laowangpy/function# 

#windows的目录读取#!/usr/bin/python# --*-- coding:utf-8 --*--import sysimport osdef gettext(*path):    print path[0]    return os.listdir(path[0])print  gettext("D:/BaiduNetdiskDownload/")

C:\Python27>python 4pathwin.pyD:/BaiduNetdiskDownload/['.accelerate', '002-\xd0\xa1\xbc\xd7\xd3\xe3\xa1\xaa\xa1\xaaPython', '005-\xc1\xb6\xca\xfdPYTHON', '010\xc0\xcf\xc4\xd0\xba\xa2 python\xbf\xce\xb3\xcc', 'python', 'python33', 'Python3\xb3\xcc\xd0\xf2\xbf\xaa\xb7\xa2\xd6\xb8\xc4\xcf.\xb5\xda\xb6\xfe\xb0\xe6(\xb4\xf8\xca\xe9\xc7\xa9)', 'Python\xbf\xaa\xb7\xa2\xbc\xbc\xca\xf5\xcf\xea\xbd\xe2.pdf', '\xc0\xcf\xcd\xf5Python', '\xc0\xcf\xc4\xd0\xba\xa2python\xd7\xd4\xb6\xaf\xbb\xaf\xd4\xcb\xce\xac\xca\xd3\xc6\xb5\xbd\xcc\xb3\xcc\xa3\xa8\xc8\xab9\xbc\xaf\xa3\xa9']C:\Python27>

5.定义一个方法get_dir(folder),folder参数为任意一个文件夹，该函数返回folder文件夹的文件列表。提示（可以了解python的glob模块）
参考（http://blog.csdn.net/csapr1987/article/details/7469769）

root@kali:~/python/laowangpy/function# python 5getdirfolder.py ['/root/python/laowangpy/function/funvar2.py', '/root/python/laowangpy/function/fuc_name_1.py', '/root/python/laowangpy/function/4pathwin.py', '/root/python/laowangpy/function/2funcmaxchar.py', '/root/python/laowangpy/function/3gethelpmodule.py', '/root/python/laowangpy/function/fuc_add.py', '/root/python/laowangpy/function/5getdirfolder.py', '/root/python/laowangpy/function/funvar1.py', '/root/python/laowangpy/function/1funcmaxmin.py', '/root/python/laowangpy/function/funvar3.py', '/root/python/laowangpy/datadig/5whichhours.py', '/root/python/laowangpy/datadig/8sourcefre.py', '/root/python/laowangpy/datadig/2username.py', '/root/python/laowangpy/datadig/12lenmicroblog.py', '/root/python/laowangpy/datadig/9forwardurl.py', '/root/python/laowangpy/datadig/sometime.py', '/root/python/laowangpy/datadig/4adddaysdata.py', '/root/python/laowangpy/datadig/1userid.py', '/root/python/laowangpy/datadig/11funuidmaxweb.py', '/root/python/laowangpy/datadig/221printuid.py', '/root/python/laowangpy/datadig/720121103fre.py', '/root/python/laowangpy/datadig/10uidweibo.py', '/root/python/laowangpy/datadig/6onedaydict.py', '/root/python/laowangpy/datadig/3numberof201211.py']===========================================['../searchzimu.py', '../dictserch.py', '../test_def_info_list.py', '../sortzimu.py', '../geshihua.py', '../sortzimu2.py', '../hello.py', '../sortdaxiao.py', '../def1.py', '../test_def_info.py', '../idsearch.py', '../nocount.py', '../beiscount.py', '../print_cont.py', '../searchzimu2.py', '../print_test.py', '../list_demo.py', '../print1.py', '../withtest.py', '../zimuchange.py', '../test_uncode.py']root@kali:~/python/laowangpy/function# cat 5getdirfolder.py #!/usr/bin/python# --*-- coding:utf-8 --*--import sysimport osimport globimport reprint glob.glob(r"/root/python/laowangpy/*/*.py")print "==========================================="print glob.glob(r'../*.py')root@kali:~/python/laowangpy/function# root@kali:~/python/laowangpy# lsa.txt         function     list_demo.py  print_cont.py   pytest2_env     sortzimu2.py           test_def_info.pybeiscount.py  geshihua.py  logid.txt     print_test.py   result.txt      sortzimu.py            test_uncode.pydatadig       hello.py     memid.txt     print_test.txt  searchzimu2.py  test1.txt              withtest.pydef1.py       idsearch.py  nocount.py    _project        searchzimu.py   test2.txt              zimuchange.pydictserch.py  id.txt       print1.py     pytest1_env     sortdaxiao.py   test_def_info_list.pyroot@kali:~/python/laowangpy# pwd/root/python/laowangpyroot@kali:~/python/laowangpy# 

glob模块是最简单的模块之一，内容非常少。用它可以查找符合特定规则的文件路径名。跟使用windows下的文件搜索差不多。查找文件只用到三个匹配符："*", "?", "[]"。"*"匹配0个或多个字符；"?"匹配单个字符；"[]"匹配指定范围内的字符，如：[0-9]匹配数字。glob.glob　　返回所有匹配的文件路径列表。它只有一个参数pathname，定义了文件路径匹配规则，这里可以是绝对路径，也可以是相对路径。下面是使用glob.glob的例子：import glob  #获取指定目录下的所有图片  print glob.glob(r"E:\Picture\*\*.jpg")  #获取上级目录的所有.py文件  print glob.glob(r'../*.py') #相对路径 import glob #获取指定目录下的所有图片 print glob.glob(r"E:\Picture\*\*.jpg") #获取上级目录的所有.py文件 print glob.glob(r'../*.py') #相对路径

glob.iglob　　获取一个可编历对象，使用它可以逐个获取匹配的文件路径名。与glob.glob()的区别是：glob.glob同时获取所有的匹配路径，而 glob.iglob一次只获取一个匹配路径。这有点类似于.NET中操作数据库用到的DataSet与DataReader。下面是一个简单的例子：import glob  #父目录中的.py文件  f = glob.iglob(r'../*.py')  print f #<generator object iglob at 0x00B9FF80>  for py in f:      print py  import glob #父目录中的.py文件 f = glob.iglob(r'../*.py') print f #<generator object iglob at 0x00B9FF80> for py in f: print py

实际脚本运行情况：root@kali:~/python/laowangpy/function# python 5getdirfolder.py ===========================================<generator object iglob at 0xb74f2694>../../function1.py../../userinput.py../../tab.py../../dict_empleer.py../../test2.py../../fileinputreadfile.py../../fileinputbak.py../../manage_query.py../../scanhostport.py../../listshopingver3.py../../listshoppingver4.py../../scan1.py../../listshopping.py../../listshopingver2.py../../fileseekstart.py../../fileseekblank.py../../test.py../../fileseek.pyroot@kali:~/python/laowangpy/function# cat 5getdirfolder.py #!/usr/bin/python# --*-- coding:utf-8 --*--import sysimport osimport globimport refolder = glob.iglob(r'../../*.py')print folderfor py in folder:    print pyroot@kali:~/python/laowangpy/function# root@kali:~/python# lsatm                                     fileinputbak.py       listshopping.py      oldtext.txt       socketatmnew                                  fileinputreadfile.py  listshoppingver4.py  paramiko          tab.pyatmnewaccount.py_2017-06-13_234645.tgz  fileseekblank.py      log                  pickle            tab.pycatmnewatmnew_2017-06-13_235934.tgz      fileseek.py           manage_query.py      polemeeor.txt     test2.pycontact_list.txt                        fileseekstart.py      mod                  _project          test2.txtcontact_list.txt.bak                    function1.py          modfuc               scan1.py          test.pycsvt01                                  laowangpy             multiprocess         scanhostport.py   test.txtcsvtpy                                  listshopingver2.py    mysql                shoppinglist.txt  userinput.pydict_empleer.py                         listshopingver3.py    newtext.txt          snmp              xwbtest.txtroot@kali:~/python# pwd/root/pythonroot@kali:~/python#