rabbitMQ消息服务器学习笔记(java)4消息路由routing

来源:互联网 发布:男人喜欢被舔么 知乎 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/06/18 10:09

消息路由


        上一章教程中我们建立了一个简单的日志记录系统,能够将消息广播到多个消费者。本章,我们将添加一个新功能,类似订阅消息的子集。例如:我们只接收日志文件中ERROR类型的日志。


绑定关系

        在之前的例子中也使用了类似的方式:

[java] view plain copy
  1. channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, "");  

        绑定是交换器和队列之间的一种关系,用户微博,微信的例子可以简单的理解为关注,就是队列(某屌丝)对交换器(女神)非常感兴趣,关注了她,以后女神发的每条微博,屌丝都能看到。

        绑定可以使用routingkey这个参数,是为了避免所有的消息都使用同一个路由线索带来的麻烦。为了区分路由规则,我们创建创建一个唯一的路由线索。

[java] view plain copy
  1. channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, "black");  

        绑定关系中使用的路由关键字【routingkey】是否有效取决于交换器的类型。如果交换器是分发【fanout】类型,就会忽略路由关键字routingkey的作用。

直连类型交换器

        上一章的例子是通过分发【fanout】类型的交换器【logs】广播日志信息,现在我们将日志分debug、info、warn、error这几种基本的级别,实际在生产环境中,避免磁盘空间浪费,应用只会将error级别的日志打印出来。而分发【fanout】类型的交换器会将所有基本的日志都发送出来,如果我们想只接收某一级别的日志信息,就需要使用直连【direct】类型的交换器了, 下面的图中,队列1通过ERROR这个routingkey绑定到E交换器,队列2通过WARN和INFO绑定到E交换器,E交换器的类型是直连【direct】的,如果生产者【P】发出ERROR的日志,只会有队列1会收到,如果生产者【P】发出INFO和WARN的日志,只有队列2会收到,如果生产者【P】发出DEBUG级别的日志,队列1和队列2都会忽略它。


多重绑定

        我们允许多个队列以相同的路由关键字绑定到同一个交换器中,可以看到,交换器虽然是直连类型,但是绑定后的效果却跟分发类型的交换器类似,相同的是队列1和队列2都会收到同一条来自交换器的消息。

        他们的区别:分发模式下,队列1、队列2会收到所有级别(除ERROR级别以外)的消息,而直连模式下,他们仅仅只会收到ERROR关键字类型的消息。



发送日志消息

        我们还是用日志系统进行讲解,现在我们用日志的级别来作为路由关键字【routingkey】,这样,消费者端就可以按照他关心的日志级别进行接收,我们先看看如何发送日志:

        先声明交换器

[plain] view plain copy
  1. <span style="font-size: 18px;">        </span>channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct");  


        然后发送消息到交换器

[plain] view plain copy
  1. for (String severity : routingKeys) {  
  2. //这里通过severity产生exchange和queue关联关系
  3.     channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, severity);  
  4.     System.out.println("ReceiveLogsDirect1 exchange:"+EXCHANGE_NAME+", queue:"+queueName+", BindRoutingKey:" + severity);  
  5. }  


订阅消息

        我们先获取一个随机的队列名称,然后根据多个路由关键字【routingkey】将队列和交换器绑定起来:

[java] view plain copy
  1. String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();  
  2.   
  3. for(String severity : argv){ 
  4.      
  5.   channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, severity);  
  6. }  


项目说明

流程图






RoutingSendDirect

/** * TODO *  */package com.aitongyi.rabbitmq.routing;import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;/** * * */public class RoutingSendDirect {    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_logs"; // 路由关键字 private static final String[] routingKeys = new String[]{"info" ,"warning", "error"};     public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();        factory.setHost("localhost");        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();//声明交换器        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct");//发送消息        for(String severity :routingKeys){        String message = "Send the message level:" + severity;        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, severity, null, message.getBytes());        System.out.println(" [x] Sent '" + severity + "':'" + message + "'");        }        channel.close();        connection.close();    }}

ReceiveLogsDirect1


/** * TODO *  */package com.aitongyi.rabbitmq.routing;/** *  * */import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import java.io.IOException;public class ReceiveLogsDirect1 {// 交换器名称private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_logs";// 路由关键字private static final String[] routingKeys = new String[]{"info" ,"warning", "error"};public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();factory.setHost("localhost");Connection connection = factory.newConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel();//声明交换器channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct");//获取匿名队列名称String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();//根据路由关键字进行多重绑定for (String severity : routingKeys) {channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, severity);System.out.println("ReceiveLogsDirect1 exchange:"+EXCHANGE_NAME+", queue:"+queueName+", BindRoutingKey:" + severity);}System.out.println("ReceiveLogsDirect1 [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C");Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {@Overridepublic void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + envelope.getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");}};channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);}}


ReceiveLogsDirect2



/** * TODO *  */package com.aitongyi.rabbitmq.routing;/** *  * */import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import java.io.IOException;public class ReceiveLogsDirect2 {// 交换器名称private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_logs";// 路由关键字private static final String[] routingKeys = new String[]{"error"};public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();factory.setHost("localhost");Connection connection = factory.newConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel();//声明交换器channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct");//获取匿名队列名称String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();//根据路由关键字进行多重绑定for (String severity : routingKeys) {channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, severity);System.out.println("ReceiveLogsDirect2 exchange:"+EXCHANGE_NAME+", queue:"+queueName+", BindRoutingKey:" + severity);}System.out.println("ReceiveLogsDirect2 [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C");Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {@Overridepublic void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + envelope.getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");}};channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);}}

先运行ReceiveLogsDirect1.java和ReceiveLogsDirect2.java

查看日志,我们发现RabbitMQ中已经创建了direct_logs的交换器,以及amq.gen-dVUpkqxmladY3Jg1upDsDQ 和amq.gen-skrmBAlYKSDzELKtVg_zFw这两个临时队列,

[plain] view plain copy
  1. ReceiveLogsDirect1 exchange:direct_logs, queue:amq.gen-skrmBAlYKSDzELKtVg_zFw, BindRoutingKey:info  
  2. ReceiveLogsDirect1 exchange:direct_logs, queue:amq.gen-skrmBAlYKSDzELKtVg_zFw, BindRoutingKey:warning  
  3. ReceiveLogsDirect1 exchange:direct_logs, queue:amq.gen-skrmBAlYKSDzELKtVg_zFw, BindRoutingKey:error  
  4. ReceiveLogsDirect1 [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C  

[plain] view plain copy
  1. ReceiveLogsDirect2 exchange:direct_logs, queue:amq.gen-dVUpkqxmladY3Jg1upDsDQ, BindRoutingKey:error  
  2. ReceiveLogsDirect2 [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C  

运行RoutingSendDirect.java发送消息:

运行结果

查看日志:

RoutingSendDirect.java

[plain] view plain copy
  1. [x] Sent 'info':'Send the message level:info'  
  2. [x] Sent 'warning':'Send the message level:warning'  
  3. [x] Sent 'error':'Send the message level:error'  

ReceiveLogsDirect1.java

[plain] view plain copy
  1. [x] Received 'info':'Send the message level:info'  
  2. [x] Received 'warning':'Send the message level:warning'  
  3. [x] Received 'error':'Send the message level:error'  

ReceiveLogsDirect2.java

[plain] view plain copy
  1. [x] Received 'error':'Send the message level:error'  

我们看到,队列1收到了所有的消息,队列2只收到了error级别的消息。这与我们的预期一样。


转自 http://blog.csdn.net/chwshuang/article/details/50505060

此即作为我学习的笔记有为收藏