C++ STL一一迭代器相关辅助函数(advance()、distance()、iter_swap())

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一、advance()可令迭代器前进

#include <iterator>void advance(InputIterator& pos,Dist n);
说明:

(1).使名为pos的Input迭代器步进(或步退)n个元素

(2).对bidirectional迭代器和Random Access迭代器而言,n可为负值,表示向后退。

(3).Dist是个template型别,通常是个整数型别。

(4).advance()并不检查迭代器是否超过序列的end(),所有,对序列尾端调用operator++是一种未定义的操作行为。

示例:

#include <iostream>#include <list>#include <algorithm>using namespace std;int main(){    list<int> coll;    // insert elements from 1 to 9    for (int i=1; i<=9; ++i) {        coll.push_back(i);    }    list<int>::iterator pos = coll.begin();    // print actual element    cout << *pos << endl;    // step three elements forward    advance (pos, 3);    // print actual element    cout << *pos << endl;    // step one element backward    advance (pos, -1);    // print actual element    cout << *pos << endl;}
程序输出结果:

143

二、distance()可处理迭代器之间的距离

#include <iterator>Dist distance(InputIterator pos1, InputIterator pos2);
说明:

(1).传回两个Input迭代器pos1,pos2之间的距离

(2).两个敌当前必须指向同一容器

(3).如果不是随机存取迭代器,则从pos1开始往前走必须能够到达pos2,亦即pos2的位置必须与pos1相同或在其后。

(4).回返值Dist的型别由迭代器决定

iterator_traits<InputIterator>::difference_type
示例:

#include <iostream>#include <list>#include <algorithm>using namespace std;int main(){    list<int> coll;    // insert elements from -3 to 9    for (int i=-3; i<=9; ++i) {        coll.push_back(i);    }    // search element with value 5    list<int>::iterator pos;    pos = find (coll.begin(), coll.end(),    // range                5);                          // value    if (pos != coll.end()) {        // process and print difference from the beginning        cout << "difference between beginning and 5: "             << distance(coll.begin(),pos) << endl;    }    else {        cout << "5 not found" << endl;    }}
运行结果:

difference between beginning and 5: 8


三、iter_swap()可交换两个迭代器所指内容(表示所指元素的内容)

#include <algorithm>void iter_swap(ForwardIterator1 pos1,ForwardIterator2 pos2);
说明:

(1).交换迭代器pos1和pos2所指的值

(2).迭代器的型别不必相同,但其所指的两个值必须可以相互赋值。

示例:

//print.hpp#include <iostream>/* PRINT_ELEMENTS() * - prints optional C-string optcstr followed by * - all elements of the collection coll * - separated by spaces */template <class T>inline void PRINT_ELEMENTS (const T& coll, const char* optcstr=""){    typename T::const_iterator pos;    std::cout << optcstr;    for (pos=coll.begin(); pos!=coll.end(); ++pos) {        std::cout << *pos << ' ';    }    std::cout << std::endl;}
#include <iostream>#include <list>#include <algorithm>#include "print.hpp"using namespace std;int main(){    list<int> coll;    // insert elements from 1 to 9    for (int i=1; i<=9; ++i) {        coll.push_back(i);    }    PRINT_ELEMENTS(coll);    // swap first and second value    iter_swap (coll.begin(), ++coll.begin());    PRINT_ELEMENTS(coll);    // swap first and last value    iter_swap (coll.begin(), --coll.end());    PRINT_ELEMENTS(coll);}

运行结果:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 92 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 99 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 2

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