Effect框架简述
之前我们已经提到过HLSL文件。并且我还编写程序编译它,加载它,使用它。但是那样使用未免有点复杂。需要绘制复杂图形的时候,我们可以直接使用Effect框架来加载.fx文件.这里提到的.fx文件和我们之前提到的.HLSL文件差不多,语法上基本相同。我们把它编译之后是与一个ID3DX11Effect接口关联在一起,被关联的接口就成为了它的经纪人,把外界的数据传递给它,比如设置各种常量矩阵。我们通过ID3DX11EffectTechnique来调用其中的着色器。着色器的设置在.fx文件中完成
定义与外部交互的变量
在Effect文件与外部交互的变量通常定义在cbuffer中,或者也可以像HLSL文件那样直接定义在全局。如下所示:
cbuffer MatrixBuffer{ matrix World; matrix View; matrix Projection; float4 EyePosition;};Texture2D Texture;
外部程序通过设置这些变量,供着色器在渲染的时候使用.
Technique
每个Effect文件至少包含一个Technique,每个Technique至少包含一个通道.定义方式如下:
technique11 TexTech{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0,VSMain())); SetGeometryShader(NULL); SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0,PSMain())); }}
顶点着色器和像素着色器就很好编写了.编写好直接使用即可.
Effect框架的使用
在Direct3D11中,Effect框架由两个接口管理着,一个就是经纪人,一个就是执行者.它们分别是
ID3DX11Effect *g_pEffect = NULL;ID3DX11EffectTechnique *g_pEffectTechnique = NULL;
ID3DX11Effect就是充当着经纪人的角色,沟通着Effect程序内部与外部程序.而ID3DX11EffectTechnique则管理着通道.负责对顶点进行渲染.
编译Effect文件
编译Effect文件与之前编译.HLSL文件相同,都是通过D3DX11CompileFromFile来完成.不过这里要注意的是,之前使用的着色器模型要改成fx_5_0.
之前提到有一个flag2,在MSDN上说明了,建议设为0比较好。那就用0吧。
下面给出一个调用实例:
hr = D3DX11CompileFromFile(L"SimpleShader.fx", NULL, NULL, NULL,"fx_5_0", D3DCOMPILE_ENABLE_STRICTNESS, 0,NULL, &pTechBlob, NULL, NULL); if (FAILED(hr)) { ::MessageBox(NULL, L"fx 载入失败", L"Error", MB_OK); return hr; }
创建Effect
Effect文件编译成功之后,它的字节码就保存在内存当中。我们要从内存创建Effect接口对象,也就是聘用一个经纪人来管理它.
通过调用D3DX11CreateEffectFromMemory来完成.该函数的原型如下
HRESULT D3DX11CreateEffectFromMemory( void *pData, SIZE_T DataLength, UINT FXFlags, ID3D11Device *pDevice, ID3DX11Effect **ppEffect);
- void *pData:一个指针,指向Effect数据所在内存段的首地址
- SIZE_T DataLength:数据段长度
- UINT FXFlags:目前暂时没有flags,设置为0即可
- ID3D11Device *pDevice:很明显,Direct3D设备接口
- ID3DX11Effect **ppEffect:Effect接口,就是我们之前说的经纪人.
获取ID3DX11EffectTechnique接口
ID3DX11EffectTechnique接口是通过ID3DX11Effect的GetTechniqueByName或者GetTechniqueByIndex方法得到的,这两个方法的使用都很简单,只需要传入相应的参数就行.
GetTechniqueByName指的就是根据名字寻找Technique
GetTechniqueByIndex就是根据索引号来寻找Technique
创建输入布局
创建Effect的输入布局,必须提前获取通道的描述信息,以便在创建输入布局的时候要用到.
前面说过,ID3DX11EffectTechnique就是负责管理通道的接口,可以通过调用它的GetPassByIndex或者GetPassByName来获取类型为ID3DX11EffectPass的通道接口对象.通过该接口的GetDesc就可以获取到通道的相关参数信息.
GetDesc只有一个D3DX11_PASS_DESC指针的参数,它的原型如下:
HRESULT GetDesc( _Out_ D3DX11_PASS_DESC *pDesc );
而提到D3DX11_PASS_DESC就顺便把该结构体的内部信息展示出来:
struct D3DX11_PASS_DESC{ LPCSTR Name; // Name of this pass (nullptr if not anonymous) uint32_t Annotations; // Number of annotations on this pass uint8_t *pIAInputSignature; // Signature from VS or GS (if there is no VS) // or nullptr if neither exists size_t IAInputSignatureSize; // Singature size in bytes uint32_t StencilRef; // Specified in SetDepthStencilState() uint32_t SampleMask; // Specified in SetBlendState() FLOAT BlendFactor[4]; // Specified in SetBlendState()};
其中的注释已经相当清楚,就不再做过多的解释了.
下面是一个调用示例:
g_technique = g_effect->GetTechniqueByName("TexTech"); D3DX11_PASS_DESC PassDesc; g_technique->GetPassByIndex(0)->GetDesc(&PassDesc);
当调用了GetDesc得到通道的参数信息之后,可以通过D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC结构体数组来描述输入的元素特征。接着通过设备接口调用CreateInputLayout即可获得输入布局.
下面创建的示例代码:
hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateInputLayout( layout, numElements, PassDesc.pIAInputSignature, PassDesc.IAInputSignatureSize, &g_vertexLayout);
输入布局创建成功基本上就完成了初始化的工作。在后续的渲染操作中需要使用到输入布局的时候,只需要通过设备上下文接口来设置一下.
Effect的使用
游戏中每个顶点都不会是一成不变的。我们在Effect文件中通常会定义一些变量,用于和外部程序沟通。我们可以从外部程序设置这些变量的值.
明星都不会直接与你打交道的,都是经纪人在打点这一切。所以Effect程序也是相当地高贵,我们只能通过ID3DX11Effect接口对象来设置变量的值.
我们可以通过ID3DX11Effect接口对象的GetVariableByName或者GetVariableByIndex或者GetVariableBySemantic方法来获取变量接口:ID3DX11EffectVariable.
通过ID3DX11EffectVariable接口可以将得到的变量解读为某一种类型的接口.如若要解释为矩阵,则调用它的AsMatrix方法即可.然后通过SetMatrix方法来将值设置到变量中.
设置完成之后,就需要对顶点进行着色。这是ID3DX11EffectPass接口对设备上下文接口的一次调用,很明显,在设备上下文接口中应该已经设置好了顶点缓存,或者顶点缓存+索引缓存.接着通过ID3DX11EffectPass接口的Apply方法即可把顶点作为着色器的输入参数,输出结果顶点.
这一过程的示例代码如下:
//设置世界坐标系 g_effect->GetVariableByName("World")->AsMatrix()->SetMatrix((float*)&world); //设置观察坐标系 g_effect->GetVariableByName("View")->AsMatrix()->SetMatrix((float*)&view); //设置投影坐标系 g_effect->GetVariableByName("Projection")->AsMatrix()->SetMatrix((float*)&projection); //定义一个D3DX11_TECHNIQUE_DESC对象来描述technique //D3DX11_TECHNIQUE_DESC techDesc; //g_technique->GetDesc(&techDesc);//获取techinique的描述 //获取通道Pass,把它设置到执行上下文中 g_technique->GetPassByIndex(0)->Apply(0, g_pImmediateContext); //绘制立方体,注意,这里调用的是DrawIndexed g_pImmediateContext->DrawIndexed(36, 0, 0); g_pSwapChain->Present(0, 0);
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旋转立方体代码
Cube.fx
cbuffer ConstantBuffer{ matrix WORLD matrix VIEW matrix PROJECTION}struct VS_INPUT{ float4 Pos:SV_POSITION float4 Color:COLOR}VS_INPUT VS(float4 Pos:POSITION, float4 Color : COLOR){ VS_INPUT input = (VS_INPUT)0 input.Pos = mul(Pos, WORLD) input.Pos = mul(input.Pos, VIEW) input.Pos = mul(input.Pos, PROJECTION) input.Color = Color return input}float4 PS(VS_INPUT input):SV_TARGET{ return input.Color}technique11 CubeTex{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS())) SetGeometryShader(NULL) SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS())) }}
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Cube.h
#pragma once#include"dxUtil.h"struct Vertex{ XMFLOAT3 Position; XMFLOAT4 Color;};class Cube{private: ID3DX11Effect *m_pEffect; ID3DX11EffectTechnique *m_pTechnique; ID3D11InputLayout *m_pInputLayout; ID3D11Buffer *m_pVertexBuffer; UINT m_uStrid; UINT m_uOffset; ID3D11Buffer *m_pIndexBuffer; XMFLOAT4X4 m_world; public: Cube() :m_pEffect(NULL),m_pTechnique(NULL),m_pInputLayout(NULL),m_pVertexBuffer(NULL),m_pIndexBuffer(NULL) { XMStoreFloat4x4(&m_world, XMMatrixIdentity()); } HRESULT Init(DirectSystem* d3dSys) { HRESULT hr; ID3DBlob *effectFileBlob = NULL; hr=D3DX11CompileFromFile(L"Cube.fx", NULL, NULL, NULL, "fx_5_0", NULL, 0, NULL, &effectFileBlob, NULL, NULL); if (FAILED(hr)) { return hr; } hr = D3DX11CreateEffectFromMemory( effectFileBlob->GetBufferPointer(), effectFileBlob->GetBufferSize(), 0, d3dSys->D3DDevice(), &m_pEffect, NULL ); m_pTechnique = m_pEffect->GetTechniqueByName("CubeTex"); D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC layout[] = { { "POSITION",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT,0,0,D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA,0 }, { "COLOR",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT,0,12,D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA,0 } }; UINT numLayoutSize = ARRAYSIZE(layout); D3DX11_PASS_DESC passDesc; m_pTechnique->GetPassByIndex(0)->GetDesc(&passDesc); d3dSys->D3DDevice()->CreateInputLayout(layout, numLayoutSize, passDesc.pIAInputSignature, passDesc.IAInputSignatureSize, &m_pInputLayout); Vertex vertices[]= { { XMFLOAT3(-1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f),XMFLOAT4(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,1.0f) }, { XMFLOAT3(1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f),XMFLOAT4(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,1.0f) }, { XMFLOAT3(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f),XMFLOAT4(0.0f,1.0f,1.0f,1.0f) }, { XMFLOAT3(-1.0f,1.0f,1.0f),XMFLOAT4(1.0f,0.0f,1.0f,1.0f) }, { XMFLOAT3(-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f),XMFLOAT4(1.0f,0.0f,1.0f,1.0f) }, { XMFLOAT3(1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f),XMFLOAT4(1.0f,1.0f,0.0f,1.0f) }, { XMFLOAT3(1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f),XMFLOAT4(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,1.0f) }, { XMFLOAT3(-1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f),XMFLOAT4(0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f) } }; D3D11_BUFFER_DESC vertexDesc; ::ZeroMemory(&vertexDesc, sizeof(D3D11_BUFFER_DESC)); vertexDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER; vertexDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(Vertex) * 8; vertexDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0; vertexDesc.MiscFlags = 0; vertexDesc.StructureByteStride = sizeof(Vertex); vertexDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT; D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA vertexData; ::ZeroMemory(&vertexData,sizeof(D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA)); vertexData.pSysMem = vertices; d3dSys->D3DDevice()->CreateBuffer(&vertexDesc, &vertexData, &m_pVertexBuffer); m_uStrid = sizeof(Vertex); m_uOffset = 0; WORD indexs[] = { 3,1,0, 2,1,3, 0,5,4, 1,5,0, 3,4,7, 0,4,3, 1,6,5, 2,6,1, 2,7,6, 3,7,2, 6,4,5, 7,4,6 }; UINT numElements = ARRAYSIZE(indexs); D3D11_BUFFER_DESC indexDesc; indexDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_INDEX_BUFFER; indexDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(WORD)*numElements; indexDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0; indexDesc.MiscFlags = 0; indexDesc.StructureByteStride = sizeof(WORD); indexDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT; D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA indexData; indexData.pSysMem = indexs; d3dSys->D3DDevice()->CreateBuffer(&indexDesc, &indexData, &m_pIndexBuffer); } VOID Update(float deltaTime) { static float angle = 0.0f; angle += deltaTime; if (angle >= 6.28f) angle = 0.0f; XMMATRIX mov = XMMatrixTranslation(3, 0, 0); XMVECTOR axis = XMVectorSet(0, 1, 0, 0); XMMATRIX rotAxis = XMMatrixRotationAxis(axis, angle); XMMATRIX rot = XMMatrixRotationY(angle); XMMATRIX world = rotAxis*mov*rot; XMStoreFloat4x4(&m_world, world); } HRESULT Draw(DirectSystem* d3dSys) { d3dSys->D3DDeviceContext()->IASetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &m_pVertexBuffer,&m_uStrid,&m_uOffset); d3dSys->D3DDeviceContext()->IASetIndexBuffer(m_pIndexBuffer, DXGI_FORMAT_R16_UINT, 0); d3dSys->D3DDeviceContext()->IASetInputLayout(m_pInputLayout); d3dSys->D3DDeviceContext()->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST); XMMATRIX world; world=XMLoadFloat4x4(&m_world); XMMATRIX view; XMMATRIX projection; view = d3dSys->GetViewMatrix(); projection = d3dSys->GetProjectionMatrix(); m_pEffect->GetVariableByName("WORLD")->AsMatrix()->SetMatrix((float*)&world); m_pEffect->GetVariableByName("VIEW")->AsMatrix()->SetMatrix((float*)&view); m_pEffect->GetVariableByName("PROJECTION")->AsMatrix()->SetMatrix((float*)&projection); m_pTechnique->GetPassByIndex(0)->Apply(0, d3dSys->D3DDeviceContext()); d3dSys->D3DDeviceContext()->DrawIndexed(36, 0, 0); return S_OK; } ~Cube() { SAFE_RELEASE(m_pTechnique); SAFE_RELEASE(m_pEffect); SAFE_RELEASE(m_pVertexBuffer); SAFE_RELEASE(m_pIndexBuffer); }};
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Main.cpp核心部分
MSG msg = { 0 }; while (msg.message != WM_QUIT) { if (PeekMessage(&msg,NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)) { TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } else { static float lastTime = 0.0f; float currentTime = (float)timeGetTime(); float deltaTime = (currentTime - lastTime)*0.001; g_pCube->Update(deltaTime); g_pDirect->Direct3D_Clear(); g_pCube->Draw(g_pDirect); g_pDirect->Direct3D_Present(); lastTime = currentTime; } }