Selenium3.x Python实现鼠标悬停的几种方法

博文章节

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本机环境介绍

编码语言(Python3.6.2)

(py3env) C:\Users\XXX\iCloudDrive\PycharmProjects\SAT>python -VPython 3.6.2

Selenium版本(3.7.0)

(py3env) C:\Users\XXX\iCloudDrive\PycharmProjects\SAT>pip show seleniumName: seleniumVersion: 3.7.0Summary: Python bindings for Selenium

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什么是“鼠标悬停”

当鼠标光标移到页面某元素上并停留，页面以文字、图片等形式弹出内容，当鼠标移开时，弹出内容消失。如百度首页以下样式：

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通过”move_to_element”方法实现

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import timefrom selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver import ActionChainsfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import Byfrom selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as ECfrom selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWaitif __name__ == '__main__':    chrome_driver_path = "C:\\Users/XXX\\iCloudDrive\\PycharmProjects\\SAT\\sat\\resource\\chromedriver.exe"    driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_driver_path)    driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')    driver.maximize_window()    menu_xpath = "//a[text()='更多产品']"  # 更多产品XPATH    more_menu = WebDriverWait(driver=driver, timeout=15).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.XPATH, menu_xpath)))    ActionChains(driver=driver).move_to_element(more_menu).perform()    time.sleep(3)  # 仅为能达到悬停效果睡眠，可删除    driver.quit()

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通过调用JS方法实现

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import timefrom selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import Byfrom selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as ECfrom selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWaitif __name__ == '__main__':    chrome_driver_path = "C:\\Users/zhenfeng.liu\\iCloudDrive\\PycharmProjects\\SAT\\sat\\resource\\chromedriver.exe"    driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_driver_path)    driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')    driver.maximize_window()    js = """        var evObj = document.createEvent('MouseEvents');         evObj.initMouseEvent(\"mouseover\",true, false, window, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, false, false, false, false, 0, null);        arguments[0].dispatchEvent(evObj);    """    menu_xpath = "//a[text()='更多产品']"    more_menu = WebDriverWait(driver=driver, timeout=15).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.XPATH, menu_xpath)))    driver.execute_script(js, more_menu)    time.sleep(3)    driver.quit()

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通过调用”move_by_offset”方法实现

此方法不常用，因为获取偏移量较为困难.

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import timefrom selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver import ActionChainsif __name__ == '__main__':    chrome_driver_path = "C:\\Users/XXX\\iCloudDrive\\PycharmProjects\\SAT\\sat\\resource\\chromedriver.exe"    driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_driver_path)    driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')    driver.maximize_window()    ActionChains(driver=driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=1, yoffset=1).perform() # 相对当前位置的X/Y偏移量    time.sleep(3)    driver.quit()

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通过调用”move_to_element_with_offset”方法实现

此方法不常用，因为获取偏移量较为困难.

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import timefrom selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver import ActionChainsif __name__ == '__main__':    chrome_driver_path = "C:\\Users/zhenfeng.liu\\iCloudDrive\\PycharmProjects\\SAT\\sat\\resource\\chromedriver.exe"    driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_driver_path)    driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')    driver.maximize_window()    element = driver.find_element_by_name('tj_trnews')    # 相比参照元素element的X/Y偏移量    ActionChains(driver=driver).move_to_element_with_offset(to_element=element, xoffset=1, yoffset=1).perform()    time.sleep(3)    driver.quit()

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拓展延伸

引用：JavaScript获取DOM元素位置和尺寸大小