14、spring和spring mvc整合

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虽然spring 框架包含了spring mvc的框架,可以在一个xml文件中进行配置,但在实际工程应用中往往是分开的,在一个工程中既配置spring的配置文件,又配置spring mvc的配置文件会发生什么事情呢?以示例演示HelloWorld:工程中创建了controller层和service层,发送一个请求,映射到controller进行处理
1、web.xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"    id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">    <!--配置启动spring IOC容器的Listener-->    <context-param>        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>        <param-value>classpath:beans.xml</param-value>    </context-param>    <!-- Bootstraps the root web application context before servlet initialization -->    <listener>        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>    </listener>    <!-- The front controller of this Spring Web application, responsible for handling all application requests -->    <!--配置spring mvc的视图解析器,用于解析映射请求的视图-->    <servlet>        <servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>        <init-param>            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>            <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>        </init-param>        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>    </servlet>    <!-- Map all requests to the DispatcherServlet for handling -->    <servlet-mapping>        <servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>    </servlet-mapping></web-app>

2、spring mvc的配置文件springmvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd">    <!--配置spring mvc扫描的包-->    <context:component-scan base-package="com.lzj.springmvc"></context:component-scan>    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"></property>        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>    </bean>    <!--当没有请求映射时,采取直接连接资源模式-->    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>    <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven></beans>

3、spring的配置文件bean.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">    <!--配置spring扫描的包-->    <context:component-scan base-package="com.lzj.springmvc"></context:component-scan></beans>

4、下面模拟一个service层

package com.atguigu.springmvc;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;@Servicepublic class UserService {    public UserService() {        System.out.println("UserService Constructor...");    }}

5、下面模拟一个controller层

package com.atguigu.springmvc;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;@Controllerpublic class HelloWorld {    /*把spring IOC容器中的bean注入到spring mvc容器中的bean*/    @Autowired    private UserService userService;    public HelloWorld() {        System.out.println("HelloWorld Constructor...");    }    @RequestMapping("/helloworld")    public String hello(){        System.out.println("success");        System.out.println(userService);        return "success";    }   }

6、新建一个请求index.jsp

<a href="helloworld">Test HelloWorld</a>

当发送index.jsp中的helloworld请求后,controller层的hello会处理请求。但是在发送请求前,启动工程的时候,会默认初始化两次UserService和HelloWorld,因为各执行了两次构造器。输出如下:
这里写图片描述
因为在springmvc.xml和bean.xml的配置文件中各配了扫描的包,他们扫描的包相同,因此初始化了两次。但实际我只想让springmvc.xml扫描controller层,而bean.xml扫描service层,controller层和service都建在了同一个包下,如何解决初始化两次的问题?

解决方法:
只让springmvc.xml扫描包下的controler层,扫描标签如下配置:

    <!--use-default-filters默认为true的,表示扫描包下的所有Bean,如果指定为false,就只能扫描指定的bean了-->    <context:component-scan base-package="com.lzj.springmvc" use-default-filters="false">        <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>        <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>    </context:component-scan>

只让bean.xml扫描service层,扫描标签如下:

    <!--没有配use-default-filters,则默认为true,可以扫描包下的所有bean,除了controller标注的注解bean-->    <context:component-scan base-package="com.lzj.springmvc">        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>    </context:component-scan>

配置后,spring的IOC容器就和spring mvc的IOC容器不在重合。此时再重新加载工程,发现就只初始化一次bean了。
这里写图片描述

目录结构:
这里写图片描述

spring的IOC容器和spring mvc的IOC容器之间的关系:
如果把UserService代码改成如下方式,增加了一个HelloWorld的注入

package com.lzj.springmvc;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;@Servicepublic class UserService {    @Autowired    private Helloworld helloWorld;    public UserService(){        System.out.println("UserService...");    }}

当重新加载工程时,出现异常,提示UserService 找不到依赖的helloWorld Bean。为什么会出现这种问题?
spring 的IOC容器代表父容器,spring mvc的IOC容器代表子容器,子容器是可以访问到父容器中的Bean的,父容器是访问不到子容器中的Bean的。关系如下这里写图片描述

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