最新pyinstaller打包python3.6.3完整过程
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前言
pyhton3.6.3是目前最新的版本,将python脚本打包为可执行的exe文件是通常的需求,这其实是一件比较简单的事情,但因为python混乱的版本控制和管理,网络上各种临时方法和补丁满天飞,应小伙伴的需求再上一篇博客,把python3.6.3的打包过程完整展现出来。
安装
pip3 install pyinstaller 即可
注意:别用pip3.6 install
打包
- 进入你要打包的python目录
- 按照你脚本程序中文件需求把python用到的文件放在一起
- 进入cmd程序丑陋的黑窗口
- 在光标后面键入pyinstaller yourfilename.py ,回车即可
- 目录下出现2个新的目录:dist、build,build可以删掉
- 进入dist,找到exe文件,点击打开,大功告成!
参数说明
上图列出pyinstaller的用法示例,常用的如下:
-F 表示生成单个可执行文件
-w 表示去掉控制台窗口,这在GUI界面时非常有用。不过如果是命令行程序的话那就把这个选项删除吧!
-p 表示你自己自定义需要加载的类路径,一般情况下用不到
-i 表示可执行文件的图标
–version-file file_version_info.txt :表示将标准版本信息文件的内容赋给exe文件的属性
提醒:如果python需要用到外部的加载文件,如背景图片之类,需要按照你的程序中的要求放在相应的目录下,一般都是拷贝在生成的exe文件目录下,python程序中仅用文件名引用就行了,无需路径。
关于版本信息的设置问题
方法1:
这是pyinstaller自带的。
进入C:\Program Files\Python36-32\Lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\utils\cliutils\目录下,你会看到如下几个文件:
其中的grab_version是用来捕获一个exe文件的版本信息并自动在同一目录下输出一个file_version_info.txt文件版本信息的,其中set_version是用来给一个exe文件赋值版本信息的,用法分别如下:
- 进入cmd界面
- 将目录转移到C:\Program Files\Python36-32\Lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\utils\cliutils\下
- 拷贝一个要获取版本信息的exe文件到这个目录下
- 在cmd窗口键入:python grab_version.py filename.exe
- 目录下会自动出现一个标准的file_version_info.txt文件,双击打开,按照需求修改
- 在cmd窗口键入:python set_version.py file_version_info.txt youfilename.exe即可
方法2:
- 在打包的时候就已经准备好了版本信息文件:file_version_info.txt
- 打包时附带有如下参数:pyinstaller –file-version file_version_info.txt yourfile.py即可
方法3
进入
- 进入http://www.carifred.com/fvie/,下载fvie.exe工具,就是file-version-infp-edit的首字母缩写
- 打开,选择你要赋值版本信息的exe文件,编辑所需要的信息,点击确定即可。
这是我成功赋值版本信息后的样子
详细说明
在cmd窗口键入:pyinstaller -h就会出现pyinstaller的所用帮助说明,我把详细内容粘贴在这里,供需要的人学习。
usage: pyinstaller [-h] [-v] [-D] [-F] [--specpath DIR] [-n NAME] [--add-data <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>] [--add-binary <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>] [-p DIR] [--hidden-import MODULENAME] [--additional-hooks-dir HOOKSPATH] [--runtime-hook RUNTIME_HOOKS] [--exclude-module EXCLUDES] [--key KEY] [-d] [-s] [--noupx] [-c] [-w] [-i <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns>] [--version-file FILE] [-m <FILE or XML>] [-r RESOURCE] [--uac-admin] [--uac-uiaccess] [--win-private-assemblies] [--win-no-prefer-redirects] [--osx-bundle-identifier BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER] [--runtime-tmpdir PATH] [--distpath DIR] [--workpath WORKPATH] [-y] [--upx-dir UPX_DIR] [-a] [--clean] [--log-level LEVEL] scriptname [scriptname ...]
positional arguments: scriptname name of scriptfiles to be processed or exactly one .spec-fileoptional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit -v, --version Show program version info and exit. --distpath DIR Where to put the bundled app (default: .\dist) --workpath WORKPATH Where to put all the temporary work files, .log, .pyz and etc. (default: .\build) -y, --noconfirm Replace output directory (default: SPECPATH\dist\SPECNAME) without asking for confirmation --upx-dir UPX_DIR Path to UPX utility (default: search the execution path) -a, --ascii Do not include unicode encoding support (default: included if available) --clean Clean PyInstaller cache and remove temporary files before building. --log-level LEVEL Amount of detail in build-time console messages. LEVEL may be one of TRACE, DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR, CRITICAL (default: INFO).What to generate: -D, --onedir Create a one-folder bundle containing an executable (default) -F, --onefile Create a one-file bundled executable. --specpath DIR Folder to store the generated spec file (default: current directory) -n NAME, --name NAME Name to assign to the bundled app and spec file (default: first script's basename)What to bundle, where to search: --add-data <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST> Additional non-binary files or folders to be added to the executable. The path separator is platform specific, ``os.pathsep`` (which is ``;`` on Windows and ``:`` on most unix systems) is used. This option can be used multiple times. --add-binary <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST> Additional binary files to be added to the executable. See the ``--add-data`` option for more details. This option can be used multiple times.
-p DIR, --paths DIR A path to search for imports (like using PYTHONPATH). Multiple paths are allowed, separated by ';', or use this option multiple times--hidden-import MODULENAME, --hiddenimport MODULENAME Name an import not visible in the code of the script(s). This option can be used multiple times.--additional-hooks-dir HOOKSPATH An additional path to search for hooks. This option can be used multiple times.--runtime-hook RUNTIME_HOOKS Path to a custom runtime hook file. A runtime hook is code that is bundled with the executable and is executed before any other code or module to set up special features of the runtime environment. This option can be used multiple times.--exclude-module EXCLUDES Optional module or package (the Python name, not the path name) that will be ignored (as though it was not found). This option can be used multiple times.--key KEY The key used to encrypt Python bytecode.w to generate:-d, --debug Tell the bootloader to issue progress messages while initializing and starting the bundled app. Used to diagnose problems with missing imports.-s, --strip Apply a symbol-table strip to the executable and shared libs (not recommended for Windows)--noupx Do not use UPX even if it is available (works differently between Windows and *nix)
Windows and Mac OS X specific options: -c, --console, --nowindowed Open a console window for standard i/o (default) -w, --windowed, --noconsole Windows and Mac OS X: do not provide a console window for standard i/o. On Mac OS X this also triggers building an OS X .app bundle. This option is ignored in *NIX systems. -i <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns>, --icon <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID oFILE.icns> FILE.ico: apply that icon to a Windows executable. FILE.exe,ID, extract the icon with ID from an exe. FILE.icns: apply the icon to the .app bundle on Mac OS XWindows specific options: --version-file FILE add a version resource from FILE to the exe -m <FILE or XML>, --manifest <FILE or XML> add manifest FILE or XML to the exe -r RESOURCE, --resource RESOURCE Add or update a resource to a Windows executable. The RESOURCE is one to four items, FILE[,TYPE[,NAME[,LANGUAGE]]]. FILE can be a data file or an exe/dll. For data files, at least TYPE and NAME must be specified. LANGUAGE defaults to 0 or may be specified as wildcard * to update all resources of the given TYPE and NAME. For exe/dll files, all resources from FILE will be added/updated to the final executable if TYPE, NAME and LANGUAGE are omitted or specified as wildcard *.This option can be used multiple times. --uac-admin Using this option creates a Manifest which will request elevation upon application restart. --uac-uiaccess Using this option allows an elevated application to work with Remote Desktop.
Windows Side-by-side Assembly searching options (advanced): --win-private-assemblies Any Shared Assemblies bundled into the application will be changed into Private Assemblies. This means the exact versions of these assemblies will always be used, and any newer versions installed on user machines at the system level will be ignored. --win-no-prefer-redirects While searching for Shared or Private Assemblies to bundle into the application, PyInstaller will prefer not to follow policies that redirect to newer versions, and will try to bundle the exact versions of the assembly.Mac OS X specific options: --osx-bundle-identifier BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER Mac OS X .app bundle identifier is used as the default unique program name for code signing purposes. The usual form is a hierarchical name in reverse DNS notation. For example: com.mycompany.department.appname (default: first script's basename)Rarely used special options: --runtime-tmpdir PATH Where to extract libraries and support files in `onefile`-mode. If this option is given, the bootloader will ignore any temp-folder location defined by the run-time OS. The ``_MEIxxxxxx``-folder will be created here. Please use this option only if you know what you are doing.
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