Linux 磁盘分区、格式化、目录挂载

1. 显示当前主机目录

命令df -h

[root@localhost ~]# df -hFilesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root                       26G  2.9G   22G  13% /tmpfs                 1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm/dev/xvda1            485M   32M  428M   7% /boot

2. 磁盘分区

2.1 显示机器当前的磁盘:

命令fdisk -l

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/xvdb Disk /dev/xvdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000

注:这里知道新增磁盘为/dev/xvdb,就直接指定了,缩减显示篇幅。

2.2 fdisk 分区 /dev/xvdb:

fdisk /dev/xvdb 根据帮助提示分区,这里是把/dev/xvdb分成一个区.

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/xvdbDevice contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabelBuilding a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x0adfd119.Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to         sectors (command 'u').Command (m for help): mCommand action   a   toggle a bootable flag   b   edit bsd disklabel   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag   d   delete a partition   l   list known partition types   m   print this menu   n   add a new partition   o   create a new empty DOS partition table   p   print the partition table   q   quit without saving changes   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel   t   change a partition's system id   u   change display/entry units   v   verify the partition table   w   write table to disk and exit   x   extra functionality (experts only)Command (m for help): nCommand action   e   extended   p   primary partition (1-4)pPartition number (1-4): 1First cylinder (1-6527, default 1): Using default value 1Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-6527, default 6527): Using default value 6527Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/xvdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x0adfd119    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/xvdb1               1        6527    52428096   83  LinuxCommand (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.

3. 磁盘格式化

命令mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdb1分区为ext4的文件系统格式。

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdb1 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)Filesystem label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=4096 (log=2)Fragment size=4096 (log=2)Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks3276800 inodes, 13107024 blocks655351 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super userFirst data block=0Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296400 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group8192 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks:         32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,         4096000, 7962624, 11239424Writing inode tables: done                            Creating journal (32768 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: doneThis filesystem will be automatically checked every 28 mounts or180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

4.挂载目录

4.1 手工挂载

新建目录/u01mkdir -p /u01
挂载设备到目录/u01mount /dev/xvdb1 /u01

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /u01[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/xvdb1 /u01

4.2 开机自动挂载

修改/etc/fstab配置文件,末尾添加一行:

/dev/xvdb1              /u01                    ext4    defaults        0 0

显示当前目录,已成功挂载/u01目录:

[root@localhost ~]# df -hFilesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root                       26G  2.9G   22G  13% /tmpfs                 1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm/dev/xvda1            485M   32M  428M   7% /boot/dev/xvdb1             50G  180M   47G   1% /u01