centos7.2安装oracle11g r2

=================================================  一、centos7.2安装oracle 11g  =================================================
groupadd oinstall　　#创建用户组oinstall
groupadd dba　　#创建用户组dba
useradd -g oinstall -g dba -m oracle
passwd oracle


[sonny@localhost ~]$ su root
Password: 
[root@localhost sonny]# mkdir -p /data/oracle　　#oracle数据库安装目录
[root@localhost sonny]# mkdir -p /data/oraInventory　　#oracle数据库配置文件目录
[root@localhost sonny]# mkdir -p /data/database　　#oracle数据库软件包解压目录
[root@localhost sonny]# cd /data
[root@localhost data]# ls　　#创建完毕检查一下
database  oracle  oraInventory
[root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle　　#设置目录所有者为oinstall用户组的oracle用户
[root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oraInventory
[root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database
[root@localhost data]# 


vim /etc/redhat-release
改为：redhat-7 


yum install binutils-devel.x86_64
yum install compat-libcap1.x86_64
yum install gcc.x86_64
yum install gcc-c++.x86_64
yum install glibc.i686
yum install glibc-devel.i686
yum install glibc-utils.x86_64
yum install glibc-static.i686
yum install glibc-static.x86_64
yum install ksh.x86_64
yum install libaio.i686
yum install libaio-devel.x86_64
yum install libaio-devel.i686
yum install libgcc.i686
yum install libstdc++.i686
yum install libstdc++-devel.i686
yum install libstdc++-static.i686
yum install libstdc++-static.x86_64
yum install libstdc++-docs.x86_64
yum install libXi-devel.i686
yum install libXi-devel.x86_64
yum install libXtst.i686
yum install libXtst-devel.i686
yum install libXtst-devel.x86_64




查看防火墙状态：systemctl status firewalld.service
关闭防火墙：systemctl stop firewalld.service
（安装时一定要关防火墙，oracle运行时本机使用不用关防火墙，远程连接oracle数据库时需要关闭防火墙）




关闭selinux（需重启生效）
vim /etc/selinux/config
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled   #此处修改为disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. 
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted 




修改内核参数
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts=1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=1
fs.file-max=6815744 #设置最大打开文件数
fs.aio-max-nr=1048576
kernel.shmall=2097152 #共享内存的总量，8G内存设置：2097152*4k/1024/1024
kernel.shmmax=2147483648 #最大共享内存的段大小
kernel.shmmni=4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数
kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范围
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=1048576


使配置参数生效：sysctl -p




对oracle用户设置限制，提高软件运行性能
追加：
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536






配置用户的环境变量（


export ORACLE_BASE=/usr/software/data/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export LANG=C
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK




生效：source /home/oracle/.bash_profile




chown -R oracle:oinstall database


准备安装




安装出现的两个问题：
1、[INS-06101] IP address of localhost could not be determined，主机名和/etc/hosts 文件不一致

1）vim /etc/sysconfig/network
加入：
NETWORKING=yes
NETWORKING_IPV6=no
HOSTNAME=sunt
2）hostname sunt
2）vim /etc/hosts
加入：127.0.0.1   sunt

2、ins_ctx.mk错误：
修改$ORACLE_HOME/ctx/lib/ins_ctx.mk文件：
ctxhx: $(CTXHXOBJ)
        $(LINK_CTXHX) $(CTXHXOBJ) $(INSO_LINK)
修改为：
ctxhx: $(CTXHXOBJ)
-static $(LINK_CTXHX) $(CTXHXOBJ) $(INSO_LINK) /usr/lib64/libc.a


3、ins_emagent错误：
修改/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/sysman/lib/ins_emagent文件：（190行）
$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL)
修改为：
$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL) -lnnz11

完后解锁scott用户即可




=================================================  二、安装完成后常见命令  =================================================
启动数据库：
sqlplus / as sysdba 
startup 
exit 
lsnrctl start


关闭数据库：
sqlplus / as sysdba
shutdown immediate
exit
lsnrctl stop




启动监听器：lsnrctl start 
停止监听器：lsnrctl stop 
查看监听器状态 ：lsnrctl status