Python连接数据库

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下载 MySQL for Python，最新版 MySQL-python-1.2.4b4.tar.gz

1）提前安装：mysql_config 环境

否则后面 python setup.py build 会提示找不到 “EnvironmentError: mysql_config not found”，安装命令如下：

sudo apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev

sudo apt-get install python-dev （解决fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory）

CentOS 安装 yum install mysql-devel 和 yum install python-devel（解决error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1）

2）然后，再安装MySQLdb

$ tar zxvf MySQL-python-1.2.2.tar.gz
$ cd MySQL-python-1.2.2
$ sudo python setup.py build
$ sudo python setup.py install

3）验证成功安装

homer@ubuntu:~/myCode/python$ python
Python 2.7.3 (default, Aug 1 2012, 05:14:39)
[GCC 4.6.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import MySQLdb
>>>

import MySQLdb 没有出错，说明安装成功！

测试示例：

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import MySQLdb
db = MySQLdb.connect("localhost","myusername","mypassword","mydb" )
cursor = db.cursor()
cursor.execute("SELECT VERSION()")
data = cursor.fetchone()
print "Database version : %s " % data
db.close()

python 连接mysql示例：

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####################
# IT-Homer
# 2013-05-10
####################
import MySQLdb
db = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="root", passwd="abcd1234", db="testDB")
cursor = db.cursor()
cursor.execute("Select * from gameTestDB limit 10")
result = cursor.fetchall()
for row in result:
#print row
#print row[0], row[1], row[2]
#print '%s, %s, %s' % (row[0], row[1], row[2])
print ', '.join([str(row[0]), str(row[1]), str(row[2])])
cursor.close()
'''''
import sys
import MySQLdb
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')
db = MySQLdb.connect(user='root', passwd='abcd1234', charset='utf8')
cur = db.cursor()
cur.execute('use testDB')
cur.execute('select * from gameTestDB limit 10')
f = file("/home/homer/tmp_mysql.txt", 'w')
for row in cur.fetchall():
f.write(str(row))
f.write("\n")
f.close()
cur.close()
'''

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####################
# IT-Homer
# 2013-05-10
####################
import MySQLdb
# local mysql
# db = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="root", passwd="abcd1234", db="testDB")
# aws rds mysql
db = MySQLdb.connect(host="ithomer.aliyun.com", user="ithomer", passwd="abcd1234", db="dman")
cursor = db.cursor()
cursor.execute("Select * from score limit 10")
result = cursor.fetchall()
for row in result:
#print row
#print row[0], row[1], row[2]
#print '%s, %s, %s' % (row[0], row[1], row[2])
print ', '.join([str(row[0]), str(row[1]), str(row[2])])
cursor.close()
'''
import sys
import MySQLdb
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')
db = MySQLdb.connect(user='root', passwd='abcd1234', charset='utf8')
cur = db.cursor()
cur.execute('use testDB')
cur.execute('select * from gameTestDB limit 10')
f = file("/home/homer/tmp_mysql.txt", 'w')
for row in cur.fetchall():
f.write(str(row))
f.write("\n")
f.close()
cur.close()

python 连接mongodb

1）安装pymongo

pymongo 下载，最新 pymongo-2.6.tar.gz

安装

$ tar zxvf pymongo-2.6.tar.gz
$ cdpymongo-2.6
$ sudo python setup.py build
$ sudo python setup.py install

2）连接mongodb

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#!/usr/bin/python
import pymongo
import random
HOST = '172.27.22.21'
PORT = 27017
_DB='test'
_TABLE='testuser'
conn = pymongo.Connection("172.27.22.21", 27017)
db = conn[_DB] # get db
db.authenticate("yanggang", "123456")
table = db[_TABLE] # get collection
table.drop()
table.save({"id":1, "name":"homer", "age":18})
for id in range(2,10):
name = random.choice(['it', 'homer', 'sunboy', 'yanggang'])
age = random.choice([10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60])
table.insert({"id":id, "name":name, "age":age})
cursor = table.find()
for user in cursor:
print user
'''''
conn = pymongo.Connection("172.27.22.21", 27017)
db = conn.test
db.authenticate("yanggang", "123456")
db.testuser.drop()
db.testuser.save({"id":1, "name":"homer", "age":18})
for id in range(2,10):
name = random.choice(['it', 'homer', 'sunboy', 'yanggang'])
age = random.choice([10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60])
db.testuser.insert({"id":id, "name":name, "age":age})
cursor = db.testuser.find()
for user in cursor:
print user
'''

运行结果

python 连接 Redis

1）前往 redis-py 下载发布版本 release，最新发布版本： redis-py-2.8.0.zip

2）解压 redis-py-2.8.0.zip： unzip redis-py-2.8.0.zip，安装： sudo python setup.py install

3）验证安装成功：

# python
>>> import redis
>>>

redis 设置密码

a）修改配置文件

viim redis.conf

b）添加一行

requirepass '123456'

c）重启redis服务

/usr/local/bin/redis-server /etc/redis.conf

d）登陆 redis-cli

$ redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> set foo bar
(error) NOAUTH Authentication required. // 设置了密码，操作没有权限
127.0.0.1:6379> help auth // 查看auth命令帮助
AUTH password
summary: Authenticate to the server
since: 1.0.0
group: connection

127.0.0.1:6379> auth '123456' // 输入密码，权限认证
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> set foo bar // 密码权限认证成功后，可以操作
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get foo
"bar"

redis-cli 远程连接

$ redis-cli --help
redis-cli 2.8.12
Usage: redis-cli [OPTIONS] [cmd [arg [arg ...]]]
-h <hostname> Server hostname (default: 127.0.0.1).
-p <port> Server port (default: 6379).
-s <socket> Server socket (overrides hostname and port).
-a <password> Password to use when connecting to the server.

redis-cli 远程连接命令

redis-cli -h 123.10.78.100 -p 6379 -a '123456'

注意：为了安全，redis不要用默认端口（6379），强烈推荐使用密码（requirepass 'xxx'），否则很容易被别人访问！

4）简单示例：

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>>> import redis
>>> r = redis.StrictRedis(host='localhost', port=6379, db=0)
>>> r.set('foo', 'bar')
True
>>> r.get('foo')
'bar'

5）python脚本示例

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#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')
import redis
_REDIS_HOST = '172.27.9.104'
_REDIS_PORT = 6379
_REDIS_DB = 0
def read_redis():
r = redis.Redis(host=_REDIS_HOST, port=_REDIS_PORT, db=_REDIS_DB)
# 删除当前数据库的所有数据
r.flushdb()
r.set('foo', 'bar')
print(r.get('foo')) # bar
r.set('blog', 'ithomer.net')
r.set('name', 'yanggang')
# 查询没有key，返回 None
print(r.get('none123')) # None
# 库里有多少key，就多少条数据
print(r.dbsize()) # 3
# 列出所有键值
print(r.keys()) # ['blog', 'foo', 'name']
if __name__ == "__main__":
read_redis()

运行结果：bar
None
3
['blog', 'foo', 'name']

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