C# Task WhenAny和WhenAll 以及TaskFactory 的ContinueWhenAny和ContinueWhenAll的实现

个人感觉Task 的WaitAny和WhenAny以及TaskFactory 的ContinueWhenAny有相似的地方，而WaitAll和WhenAll以及TaskFactory 的ContinueWhenAll也是相同，但是WaitAny和WhenAny的返回值有所不同。我们首先来看看Task WhenAny和WhenAll 的实现吧，

public class Task : IThreadPoolWorkItem, IAsyncResult, IDisposable{    //Creates a task that will complete when any of the supplied tasks have completed.    public static Task<Task> WhenAny(IEnumerable<Task> tasks)    {        if (tasks == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("tasks");        Contract.EndContractBlock();        List<Task> taskList = new List<Task>();        foreach (Task task in tasks)        {            if (task == null) throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Task_MultiTaskContinuation_NullTask"), "tasks");            taskList.Add(task);        }        if (taskList.Count == 0)        {            throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Task_MultiTaskContinuation_EmptyTaskList"), "tasks");        }        // Previously implemented CommonCWAnyLogic() can handle the rest        return TaskFactory.CommonCWAnyLogic(taskList);    }        //Creates a task that will complete when all of the supplied tasks have completed.    public static Task<TResult[]> WhenAll<TResult>(params Task<TResult>[] tasks)    {        if (tasks == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("tasks");        Contract.EndContractBlock();        int taskCount = tasks.Length;        if (taskCount == 0) return InternalWhenAll<TResult>(tasks); // small optimization in the case of an empty task array        Task<TResult>[] tasksCopy = new Task<TResult>[taskCount];        for (int i = 0; i < taskCount; i++)        {            Task<TResult> task = tasks[i];            if (task == null) throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Task_MultiTaskContinuation_NullTask"), "tasks");            tasksCopy[i] = task;        }        return InternalWhenAll<TResult>(tasksCopy);    }            private static Task<TResult[]> InternalWhenAll<TResult>(Task<TResult>[] tasks)    {        Contract.Requires(tasks != null, "Expected a non-null tasks array");        return (tasks.Length == 0) ? new Task<TResult[]>(false, new TResult[0], TaskCreationOptions.None, default(CancellationToken)) : new WhenAllPromise<TResult>(tasks);    }            private sealed class WhenAllPromise<T> : Task<T[]>, ITaskCompletionAction    {        private readonly Task<T>[] m_tasks;        private int m_count;        internal WhenAllPromise(Task<T>[] tasks) :base()        {            Contract.Requires(tasks != null, "Expected a non-null task array");            Contract.Requires(tasks.Length > 0, "Expected a non-zero length task array");            m_tasks = tasks;            m_count = tasks.Length;            if (AsyncCausalityTracer.LoggingOn)                AsyncCausalityTracer.TraceOperationCreation(CausalityTraceLevel.Required, this.Id, "Task.WhenAll", 0);            if (s_asyncDebuggingEnabled)            {                AddToActiveTasks(this);            }            foreach (var task in tasks)            {                if (task.IsCompleted) this.Invoke(task); // short-circuit the completion action, if possible                else task.AddCompletionAction(this); // simple completion action            }        }        public void Invoke(Task ignored)        {            if (AsyncCausalityTracer.LoggingOn)                AsyncCausalityTracer.TraceOperationRelation(CausalityTraceLevel.Important, this.Id, CausalityRelation.Join);            // Decrement the count, and only continue to complete the promise if we're the last one.            if (Interlocked.Decrement(ref m_count) == 0)            {                T[] results = new T[m_tasks.Length];                List<ExceptionDispatchInfo> observedExceptions = null;                Task canceledTask = null;                for (int i = 0; i < m_tasks.Length; i++)                {                    Task<T> task = m_tasks[i];                    Contract.Assert(task != null, "Constituent task in WhenAll should never be null");                    if (task.IsFaulted)                    {                        if (observedExceptions == null) observedExceptions = new List<ExceptionDispatchInfo>();                        observedExceptions.AddRange(task.GetExceptionDispatchInfos());                    }                    else if (task.IsCanceled)                    {                        if (canceledTask == null) canceledTask = task; // use the first task that's canceled                    }                    else                    {                        Contract.Assert(task.Status == TaskStatus.RanToCompletion);                        results[i] = task.GetResultCore(waitCompletionNotification: false); // avoid Result, which would triggering debug notification                    }                                    if (task.IsWaitNotificationEnabled) this.SetNotificationForWaitCompletion(enabled: true);                    else m_tasks[i] = null; // avoid holding onto tasks unnecessarily                }                if (observedExceptions != null)                {                    Contract.Assert(observedExceptions.Count > 0, "Expected at least one exception");                    TrySetException(observedExceptions);                }                else if (canceledTask != null)                {                    TrySetCanceled(canceledTask.CancellationToken, canceledTask.GetCancellationExceptionDispatchInfo());                }                else                {                    if (AsyncCausalityTracer.LoggingOn)                        AsyncCausalityTracer.TraceOperationCompletion(CausalityTraceLevel.Required, this.Id, AsyncCausalityStatus.Completed);                    if (Task.s_asyncDebuggingEnabled)                    {                        RemoveFromActiveTasks(this.Id);                    }                    TrySetResult(results);                }            }            Contract.Assert(m_count >= 0, "Count should never go below 0");        }        internal override bool ShouldNotifyDebuggerOfWaitCompletion        {            get            {                return base.ShouldNotifyDebuggerOfWaitCompletion && Task.AnyTaskRequiresNotifyDebuggerOfWaitCompletion(m_tasks);            }        }    }}

首先我们来看看Task的WhenAny的实现，非常简单调用TaskFactory.CommonCWAnyLogic方法，直接返回Task，而WaitAny【也调用TaskFactory.CommonCWAnyLogic】则需要等待这个Task完成。接下来我们来看看WhenAll的实现，WhenAll核心方法是InternalWhenAll，在InternalWhenAll里面返回了一个WhenAllPromise的Task，WhenAllPromise里面有一个计数器m_count，每当Task完成一个，就调用WhenAllPromise的Invoke方法，实现计数器m_count减1，当计数器m_count为0时表示所有的Task有已经完成。【在Task的WaitAll里面用的是SetOnCountdownMres，和这里的WhenAllPromise相似，都有一个计数器】。

那么我们现在来看看TaskFactory的ContinueWhenAny和ContinueWhenAll的实现

public class TaskFactory{    public Task ContinueWhenAny<TAntecedentResult>(Task<TAntecedentResult>[] tasks, Action<Task<TAntecedentResult>> continuationAction,        CancellationToken cancellationToken, TaskContinuationOptions continuationOptions, TaskScheduler scheduler)    {        if (continuationAction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("continuationAction");        Contract.EndContractBlock();        StackCrawlMark stackMark = StackCrawlMark.LookForMyCaller;        return TaskFactory<VoidTaskResult>.ContinueWhenAnyImpl<TAntecedentResult>(tasks, null, continuationAction, continuationOptions, cancellationToken, scheduler, ref stackMark);    }    // Creates a continuation Task<TResult> ,that will be started upon the completion of a set of provided Tasks.     public Task<TResult> ContinueWhenAll<TAntecedentResult>(Task<TAntecedentResult>[] tasks, Func<Task<TAntecedentResult>[], TResult> continuationFunction,        CancellationToken cancellationToken)    {        if (continuationFunction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("continuationFunction");        Contract.EndContractBlock();        StackCrawlMark stackMark = StackCrawlMark.LookForMyCaller;        return ContinueWhenAllImpl<TAntecedentResult>(tasks, continuationFunction, null, m_defaultContinuationOptions, cancellationToken, DefaultScheduler, ref stackMark);    }    internal static Task<TResult> ContinueWhenAnyImpl<TAntecedentResult>(Task<TAntecedentResult>[] tasks,        Func<Task<TAntecedentResult>, TResult> continuationFunction, Action<Task<TAntecedentResult>> continuationAction,        TaskContinuationOptions continuationOptions, CancellationToken cancellationToken, TaskScheduler scheduler, ref StackCrawlMark stackMark)    {                TaskFactory.CheckMultiTaskContinuationOptions(continuationOptions);        if (tasks == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("tasks");        if (tasks.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Task_MultiTaskContinuation_EmptyTaskList"), "tasks");        Contract.Requires((continuationFunction != null) != (continuationAction != null), "Expected exactly one of endFunction/endAction to be non-null");        if (scheduler == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("scheduler");        Contract.EndContractBlock();                var starter = TaskFactory.CommonCWAnyLogic(tasks);        // Bail early if cancellation has been requested.        if (cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested            && ((continuationOptions & TaskContinuationOptions.LazyCancellation) == 0)            )        {            return CreateCanceledTask(continuationOptions, cancellationToken);        }        // returned continuation task, off of starter        if (continuationFunction != null)        {            return starter.ContinueWith<TResult>(                GenericDelegateCache<TAntecedentResult, TResult>.CWAnyFuncDelegate,                continuationFunction, scheduler, cancellationToken, continuationOptions, ref stackMark);        }        else        {            Contract.Assert(continuationAction != null);            return starter.ContinueWith<TResult>(                // Use a cached delegate                GenericDelegateCache<TAntecedentResult,TResult>.CWAnyActionDelegate,                continuationAction, scheduler, cancellationToken, continuationOptions, ref stackMark);        }    }     internal static Task<TResult> ContinueWhenAllImpl<TAntecedentResult>(Task<TAntecedentResult>[] tasks,            Func<Task<TAntecedentResult>[], TResult> continuationFunction, Action<Task<TAntecedentResult>[]> continuationAction,            TaskContinuationOptions continuationOptions, CancellationToken cancellationToken, TaskScheduler scheduler, ref StackCrawlMark stackMark)    {                TaskFactory.CheckMultiTaskContinuationOptions(continuationOptions);        if (tasks == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("tasks");              Contract.Requires((continuationFunction != null) != (continuationAction != null), "Expected exactly one of endFunction/endAction to be non-null");        if (scheduler == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("scheduler");        Contract.EndContractBlock();        Task<TAntecedentResult>[] tasksCopy = TaskFactory.CheckMultiContinuationTasksAndCopy<TAntecedentResult>(tasks);        if (cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested            && ((continuationOptions & TaskContinuationOptions.LazyCancellation) == 0)            )        {            return CreateCanceledTask(continuationOptions, cancellationToken);        }        var starter = TaskFactory.CommonCWAllLogic(tasksCopy);        if (continuationFunction != null)        {            return starter.ContinueWith<TResult>(               // use a cached delegate               GenericDelegateCache<TAntecedentResult, TResult>.CWAllFuncDelegate,               continuationFunction, scheduler, cancellationToken, continuationOptions, ref stackMark);        }        else        {            Contract.Assert(continuationAction != null);            return starter.ContinueWith<TResult>(               // use a cached delegate               GenericDelegateCache<TAntecedentResult, TResult>.CWAllActionDelegate,               continuationAction, scheduler, cancellationToken, continuationOptions, ref stackMark);        }    }   internal static Task<Task<T>[]> CommonCWAllLogic<T>(Task<T>[] tasksCopy)    {        Contract.Requires(tasksCopy != null);        // Create a promise task to be returned to the user        CompleteOnCountdownPromise<T> promise = new CompleteOnCountdownPromise<T>(tasksCopy);        for (int i = 0; i < tasksCopy.Length; i++)        {            if (tasksCopy[i].IsCompleted) promise.Invoke(tasksCopy[i]); // Short-circuit the completion action, if possible            else tasksCopy[i].AddCompletionAction(promise); // simple completion action        }        return promise;    }    private sealed class CompleteOnCountdownPromise<T> : Task<Task<T>[]>, ITaskCompletionAction    {        private readonly Task<T>[] _tasks;        private int _count;        internal CompleteOnCountdownPromise(Task<T>[] tasksCopy) : base()        {            Contract.Requires((tasksCopy != null) && (tasksCopy.Length > 0), "Expected non-null task array with at least one element in it");            _tasks = tasksCopy;            _count = tasksCopy.Length;            if (AsyncCausalityTracer.LoggingOn)                AsyncCausalityTracer.TraceOperationCreation(CausalityTraceLevel.Required, this.Id, "TaskFactory.ContinueWhenAll<>", 0);            if (Task.s_asyncDebuggingEnabled)            {                AddToActiveTasks(this);            }        }        public void Invoke(Task completingTask)        {            if (AsyncCausalityTracer.LoggingOn)                AsyncCausalityTracer.TraceOperationRelation(CausalityTraceLevel.Important, this.Id, CausalityRelation.Join);            if (completingTask.IsWaitNotificationEnabled) this.SetNotificationForWaitCompletion(enabled: true);            if (Interlocked.Decrement(ref _count) == 0)            {                if (AsyncCausalityTracer.LoggingOn)                    AsyncCausalityTracer.TraceOperationCompletion(CausalityTraceLevel.Required, this.Id, AsyncCausalityStatus.Completed);                if (Task.s_asyncDebuggingEnabled)                {                    RemoveFromActiveTasks(this.Id);                }                TrySetResult(_tasks);            }            Contract.Assert(_count >= 0, "Count should never go below 0");        }        internal override bool ShouldNotifyDebuggerOfWaitCompletion        {            get            {                return base.ShouldNotifyDebuggerOfWaitCompletion && Task.AnyTaskRequiresNotifyDebuggerOfWaitCompletion(_tasks);            }        }    }}

首先我们来看看TaskFactory的ContinueWhenAny方法，ContinueWhenAny方法主要调用的是ContinueWhenAnyImpl，在ContinueWhenAnyImpl里面主要调用的是TaskFactory.CommonCWAnyLogic(tasks)方法，这个方法方返回的是一个CompleteOnInvokePromise Task，在Task的WhenAny方法中直接返回这个CompleteOnInvokePromise task,而Task的WaitAny则需要等待这个CompleteOnInvokePromise task的完成；而TaskFactory的ContinueWhenAny则是返回这个CompleteOnInvokePromise task的ContinueWith方法。

接下来我们在看看TaskFactory的ContinueWhenAll方法，ContinueWhenAll方法主要调用的是ContinueWhenAllImpl方法，ContinueWhenAllImpl方法主要是调用TaskFactory.CommonCWAnyLogic(tasks)方法，TaskFactory.CommonCWAnyLogic(tasks)方法返回一个CompleteOnCountdownPromise<T> 的task，然后ContinueWhenAllImpl最后返回这个task的ContinueWith方法，这里的CompleteOnCountdownPromise和Task的WhenAllPromise相似，里面都有一个计数器来标记里面的task是否执行完毕。