How to refine C++ in a general way?

How to refine C++ in a general way?

Abstracting brings general concepts and forms extracted from individual substance. In short, human gets only formal aspects of individuals.

At one hand, abstract general concept exists within special environment, otherwise, it is not easy to understand abstract general concept alone without the help of special environment; at the other, the essences of objective individual which is a set of formal features are needed to be represented through known and subjective general concepts, although these concepts would not reflect the individual fully. However, general and individual need each other. The relationship between general and individual exits without human subjective involvement.

But humans know this relationship and try to represent this relationship in a kind of language, such as formal language. And the nature of the process of generating concepts is abstraction. For millions of years, human gets familiar with this process which is in any form.

C++, as a formal language, makes it more easy to represent, understand, and use the relationship: abstract and concrete, general and individual. Comparing with other ways, the method employed by formal language is more convenient, for human, to understand and deduct. The major mechanisms which C++ uses are representing concepts formally through types and templates, inheriting formally through public, protect, and private inheritance; then using polymorphism formally in behavior, including overloading, overriding.