全国大学分布热力图
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全国大学分布热力图
1.数据准备
第一步得有全国大学经纬度信息，本来打算自己爬取，后来找到网上有人已经打包好的全国大学经纬度信息，但是由于它是腾讯坐标（用的是火星坐标GCJ_02），而我们现在要调用的是百度地图的api，其用的是百度坐标。下面稍微解释一下几种坐标的差别。
地球坐标 (WGS84) 国际标准，从 GPS 设备中取出的数据的坐标系 国际地图提供商使用的坐标系
火星坐标 (GCJ-02)也叫国测局坐标系 中国标准，从国行移动设备中定位获取的坐标数据使用这个坐标系 国家规定： 国内出版的各种地图系统（包括电子形式），必须至少 采用GCJ-02对地理位置进行首次加密。
百度坐标 (BD-09) 百度标准，百度 SDK，百度地图，Geocoding 使用(本来就乱了， 百度又在火星坐标上来个二次加密)
2.数据处理
接下来就是处理数据了，首先进行的是将腾讯坐标转换成百度坐标，数据格式如下：
中国人民大学 39.99173116.30965清华大学 40.0036116.32697北京交通大学 39.95092116.34107北京工业大学 39.87385116.48067北京航空航天大学 39.98421116.34975北京理工大学 39.96091116.31667北京科技大学 39.99135116.36072北方工业大学 39.9289116.20819北京化工大学 39.97069116.42098北京工商大学 39.9256116.31492北京服装学院 39.97402116.43062北京邮电大学 39.96337116.35685
详细数据url地址：http://download.csdn.net/download/jgzquanquan/10148627然后我需要要坐标转换，并且以一定的格式输出以方便传入到百度api中，数据格式如下：
{"lng":116.31608196337851,"lat":39.99792627537259,"count":50},{"lng":116.33340814277092,"lat":40.009780570502635,"count":50},{"lng":116.34750970867914,"lat":39.957086116513146,"count":50},{"lng":116.48715543594966,"lat":39.87986870711284,"count":50},{"lng":116.35619452073995,"lat":39.99036838691412,"count":50},{"lng":116.32310239107963,"lat":39.967099252661534,"count":50},{"lng":116.36716864919447,"lat":39.99749774045856,"count":50},{"lng":116.21459074380809,"lat":39.93517523825392,"count":50},{"lng":116.42744879742955,"lat":39.976775219057615,"count":50}，详细数据url地址：http://download.csdn.net/download/jgzquanquan/10148635这边我主要用了python才处理这些数据，具体代码如下：import mathdef main(): queryFile = open("poi_university.txt", 'r', encoding='utf-8') fout = open('university_lee1.txt', 'a', encoding='utf-8') for query in queryFile: splitRes = query.split('\t') if len(splitRes) != 3: print(query, ' 格式不正确') else: uinfo = [] lat = query.split('\t')[1] lng = query.split('\t')[2] # 下面是数据转换的逻辑 x=float(lng.rstrip('\n')) y=float(lat) z=math.sqrt(x*x+y*y)+0.00002*math.sin(y*math.pi) theta=math.atan2(y,x)+0.000003*math.cos(x*math.pi) bd_lng=z*math.cos(theta)+0.0065 bd_lat=z*math.sin(theta)+0.006 str1="{"+"\"lng\":"+str(bd_lng)+","+"\"lat\":" +str(bd_lat)+",\"count\":50}," fout.write(str1 + '\n') print(str1) queryFile.close() fout.close()main()
3.百度api
这边我主要找到了百度地图web端api中的一个关于热力图的例子，该地址的url为：http://lbsyun.baidu.com/jsdemo.htm#c1_15;我主要修改了其数据源，以及再改了一些参数，下面是该例子的源码。
<!DOCTYPE html><html><head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://api.map.baidu.com/api?v=2.0&ak=您的密钥"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://api.map.baidu.com/library/Heatmap/2.0/src/Heatmap_min.js"></script> <title>热力图功能示例</title> <style type="text/css">ul,li{list-style: none;margin:0;padding:0;float:left;}html{height:100%}body{height:100%;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:"微软雅黑";}#container{height:500px;width:100%;}#r-result{width:100%;} </style></head><body><div id="container"></div><div id="r-result"><input type="button" onclick="openHeatmap();" value="显示热力图"/><input type="button" onclick="closeHeatmap();" value="关闭热力图"/></div></body></html><script type="text/javascript"> var map = new BMap.Map("container"); // 创建地图实例 var point = new BMap.Point(116.418261, 39.921984); map.centerAndZoom(point, 15); // 初始化地图，设置中心点坐标和地图级别 map.enableScrollWheelZoom(); // 允许滚轮缩放 var points =[ {"lng":116.418261,"lat":39.921984,"count":50}, {"lng":116.423332,"lat":39.916532,"count":51}, {"lng":116.419787,"lat":39.930658,"count":15}, {"lng":116.418455,"lat":39.920921,"count":40}, {"lng":116.418843,"lat":39.915516,"count":100}, {"lng":116.42546,"lat":39.918503,"count":6}, {"lng":116.423289,"lat":39.919989,"count":18}, {"lng":116.418162,"lat":39.915051,"count":80}, {"lng":116.422039,"lat":39.91782,"count":11}, {"lng":116.41387,"lat":39.917253,"count":7}, {"lng":116.41773,"lat":39.919426,"count":42}, {"lng":116.421107,"lat":39.916445,"count":4}, {"lng":116.417521,"lat":39.917943,"count":27}, {"lng":116.419812,"lat":39.920836,"count":23}, {"lng":116.420682,"lat":39.91463,"count":60}, {"lng":116.415424,"lat":39.924675,"count":8}, {"lng":116.419242,"lat":39.914509,"count":15}, {"lng":116.422766,"lat":39.921408,"count":25}, {"lng":116.421674,"lat":39.924396,"count":21}, {"lng":116.427268,"lat":39.92267,"count":1}, {"lng":116.417721,"lat":39.920034,"count":51}, {"lng":116.412456,"lat":39.92667,"count":7}, {"lng":116.420432,"lat":39.919114,"count":11}, {"lng":116.425013,"lat":39.921611,"count":35}, {"lng":116.418733,"lat":39.931037,"count":22}, {"lng":116.419336,"lat":39.931134,"count":4}, {"lng":116.413557,"lat":39.923254,"count":5}, {"lng":116.418367,"lat":39.92943,"count":3}, {"lng":116.424312,"lat":39.919621,"count":100}, {"lng":116.423874,"lat":39.919447,"count":87}, {"lng":116.424225,"lat":39.923091,"count":32}, {"lng":116.417801,"lat":39.921854,"count":44}, {"lng":116.417129,"lat":39.928227,"count":21}, {"lng":116.426426,"lat":39.922286,"count":80}, {"lng":116.421597,"lat":39.91948,"count":32}, {"lng":116.423895,"lat":39.920787,"count":26}, {"lng":116.423563,"lat":39.921197,"count":17}, {"lng":116.417982,"lat":39.922547,"count":17}, {"lng":116.426126,"lat":39.921938,"count":25}, {"lng":116.42326,"lat":39.915782,"count":100}, {"lng":116.419239,"lat":39.916759,"count":39}, {"lng":116.417185,"lat":39.929123,"count":11}, {"lng":116.417237,"lat":39.927518,"count":9}, {"lng":116.417784,"lat":39.915754,"count":47}, {"lng":116.420193,"lat":39.917061,"count":52}, {"lng":116.422735,"lat":39.915619,"count":100}, {"lng":116.418495,"lat":39.915958,"count":46}, {"lng":116.416292,"lat":39.931166,"count":9}, {"lng":116.419916,"lat":39.924055,"count":8}, {"lng":116.42189,"lat":39.921308,"count":11}, {"lng":116.413765,"lat":39.929376,"count":3}, {"lng":116.418232,"lat":39.920348,"count":50}, {"lng":116.417554,"lat":39.930511,"count":15}, {"lng":116.418568,"lat":39.918161,"count":23}, {"lng":116.413461,"lat":39.926306,"count":3}, {"lng":116.42232,"lat":39.92161,"count":13}, {"lng":116.4174,"lat":39.928616,"count":6}, {"lng":116.424679,"lat":39.915499,"count":21}, {"lng":116.42171,"lat":39.915738,"count":29}, {"lng":116.417836,"lat":39.916998,"count":99}, {"lng":116.420755,"lat":39.928001,"count":10}, {"lng":116.414077,"lat":39.930655,"count":14}, {"lng":116.426092,"lat":39.922995,"count":16}, {"lng":116.41535,"lat":39.931054,"count":15}, {"lng":116.413022,"lat":39.921895,"count":13}, {"lng":116.415551,"lat":39.913373,"count":17}, {"lng":116.421191,"lat":39.926572,"count":1}, {"lng":116.419612,"lat":39.917119,"count":9}, {"lng":116.418237,"lat":39.921337,"count":54}, {"lng":116.423776,"lat":39.921919,"count":26}, {"lng":116.417694,"lat":39.92536,"count":17}, {"lng":116.415377,"lat":39.914137,"count":19}, {"lng":116.417434,"lat":39.914394,"count":43}, {"lng":116.42588,"lat":39.922622,"count":27}, {"lng":116.418345,"lat":39.919467,"count":8}, {"lng":116.426883,"lat":39.917171,"count":3}, {"lng":116.423877,"lat":39.916659,"count":34}, {"lng":116.415712,"lat":39.915613,"count":14}, {"lng":116.419869,"lat":39.931416,"count":12}, {"lng":116.416956,"lat":39.925377,"count":11}, {"lng":116.42066,"lat":39.925017,"count":38}, {"lng":116.416244,"lat":39.920215,"count":91}, {"lng":116.41929,"lat":39.915908,"count":54}, {"lng":116.422116,"lat":39.919658,"count":21}, {"lng":116.4183,"lat":39.925015,"count":15}, {"lng":116.421969,"lat":39.913527,"count":3}, {"lng":116.422936,"lat":39.921854,"count":24}, {"lng":116.41905,"lat":39.929217,"count":12}, {"lng":116.424579,"lat":39.914987,"count":57}, {"lng":116.42076,"lat":39.915251,"count":70}, {"lng":116.425867,"lat":39.918989,"count":8}]; if(!isSupportCanvas()){ alert('热力图目前只支持有canvas支持的浏览器,您所使用的浏览器不能使用热力图功能~') }//详细的参数,可以查看heatmap.js的文档 https://github.com/pa7/heatmap.js/blob/master/README.md//参数说明如下:/* visible 热力图是否显示,默认为true * opacity 热力的透明度,1-100 * radius 势力图的每个点的半径大小 * gradient {JSON} 热力图的渐变区间 . gradient如下所示 *{.2:'rgb(0, 255, 255)',.5:'rgb(0, 110, 255)',.8:'rgb(100, 0, 255)'}其中 key 表示插值的位置, 0~1. value 为颜色值. */heatmapOverlay = new BMapLib.HeatmapOverlay({"radius":20});map.addOverlay(heatmapOverlay);heatmapOverlay.setDataSet({data:points,max:100});//是否显示热力图 function openHeatmap(){ heatmapOverlay.show(); }function closeHeatmap(){ heatmapOverlay.hide(); }closeHeatmap(); function setGradient(){ /*格式如下所示:{ 0:'rgb(102, 255, 0)', .5:'rgb(255, 170, 0)', 1:'rgb(255, 0, 0)'}*/ var gradient = {}; var colors = document.querySelectorAll("input[type='color']"); colors = [].slice.call(colors,0); colors.forEach(function(ele){gradient[ele.getAttribute("data-key")] = ele.value; }); heatmapOverlay.setOptions({"gradient":gradient}); }//判断浏览区是否支持canvas function isSupportCanvas(){ var elem = document.createElement('canvas'); return !!(elem.getContext && elem.getContext('2d')); }</script>该html详情请见我的资源：http://download.csdn.net/download/jgzquanquan/10148642点击打开链接4.展示效果
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