std::string

typedef basic_string<char> string;

String类

String是描述字符串序列的对象

标准string类提供了与标准字节容器相似的接口的对象的支持，不过添加了一些新特性用于操作单一的字节字符。

The string class is an instantiation of the basic_string class template that uses char (i.e., bytes) as its character type, with its default char_traits and allocator types (see basic_string for more info on the template).

Note that this class handles bytes independently of the encoding used: If used to handle sequences of multi-byte or variable-length characters (such as UTF-8), all members of this class (such as length or size), as well as its iterators, will still operate in terms of bytes (not actual encoded characters).

请注意这个类独立于所有字节编码；如果使用多字符或可变长字符（例如UTF-8）,这个类的所有成员（例如长度和大小）以及迭代器仍然以字节为单位（而不是字符编码）.

成员类型

成员类型定义value_typechartraits_typechar_traits<char>allocator_typeallocator<char>referencechar&const_referenceconst char&pointerchar*const_pointerconst char*iteratora random access iterator to char (convertible to const_iterator)const_iteratora random access iterator to const char

成员函数

(constructor)

Construct string object (public member function )

(destructor)

String destructor (public member function )

operator=

String assignment (public member function )

迭代器:

begin

Return iterator to beginning (public member function )

end

Return iterator to end (public member function )

rbegin

Return reverse iterator to reverse beginning (public member function )

rend

Return reverse iterator to reverse end (public member function )

cbegin 

Return const_iterator to beginning (public member function )

cend 

Return const_iterator to end (public member function )

crbegin 

Return const_reverse_iterator to reverse beginning (public member function )

crend 

Return const_reverse_iterator to reverse end (public member function )

功能:

size

Return length of string (public member function )

length

Return length of string (public member function )

max_size

Return maximum size of string (public member function )

resize

Resize string (public member function )

capacity

Return size of allocated storage (public member function )

reserve

Request a change in capacity (public member function )

clear

Clear string (public member function )

empty

Test if string is empty (public member function )

shrink_to_fit 

缩小到适当尺寸 (public member function )

Element access:

operator[]

Get character of string (public member function )

at

Get character in string (public member function )

back 

Access last character (public member function )

front 

Access first character (public member function )

Modifiers:

operator+=

Append to string (public member function )

append

Append to string (public member function )

push_back

Append character to string (public member function )

assign

Assign content to string (public member function )

insert

Insert into string (public member function )

erase

Erase characters from string (public member function )

replace

Replace portion of string (public member function )

swap

Swap string values (public member function )

pop_back 

Delete last character (public member function )

String operations:

c_str

Get C string equivalent (public member function )

data

Get string data (public member function )

get_allocator

Get allocator (public member function )

copy

Copy sequence of characters from string (public member function )

find

Find content in string (public member function )

rfind

Find last occurrence of content in string (public member function )

find_first_of

Find character in string (public member function )

find_last_of

Find character in string from the end (public member function )

find_first_not_of

Find absence of character in string (public member function )

find_last_not_of

Find non-matching character in string from the end (public member function )

substr

Generate substring (public member function )

compare

Compare strings (public member function )

常量成员

npos

Maximum value for size_t (public static member constant )

重载函数

operator+

Concatenate strings (function )

relational operators

Relational operators for string (function )

swap

Exchanges the values of two strings (function )

operator>>

Extract string from stream (function )

operator<<

Insert string into stream (function )

getline

Get line from stream into string (function )