Spring Data MongoDB更新

在Spring Data MongoDB中，可以使用如下方法更新文档：
1. save - 如果_id存在则更新，否则插入。更新整个文档。
2. updateFirst - 更新查询出的第一个文档。
3. updateMulti - 更新查询出的所有文档。
4. upsert - 如果没有查询出文档，则会创建一个新文档。
5. findAndModify - 和updateMulti相同，但是它有一个额外的选项可以返回更新前或更新后的文档。

1. saveOrUpdate - 例1

假设下面的json数据插入到MongoDB。

{    "_id" : ObjectId("id"),    "ic" : "1001",    "name" : "appleA",    "age" : 20,    "createdDate" : ISODate("2013-04-06T23:17:35.530Z")}

查询文档，并使用save()方法修改和更新。

Query query = new Query();query.addCriteria(Criteria.where("name").is("appleA"));User userTest1 = mongoOperation.findOne(query, User.class);System.out.println("userTest1 - " + userTest1);//modify and update with save()userTest1.setAge(99);mongoOperation.save(userTest1);//get the updated object againUser userTest1_1 = mongoOperation.findOne(query, User.class);System.out.println("userTest1_1 - " + userTest1_1);

输出：

userTest1 - User [id=id, ic=1001, name=appleA, age=20, createdDate=Sat Apr 06 23:17:35 MYT 2013]userTest1_1 - User [id=id, ic=1001, name=appleA, age=99, createdDate=Sat Apr 06 23:17:35 MYT 2013]

1. saveOrUpdate - 例2

这是一个失败的例子，请仔细阅读，这是一个相当普遍的错误。

假设下面的json数据插入到MongoDB。

{    "_id" : ObjectId("id"),    "ic" : "1002",    "name" : "appleB",    "age" : 20,    "createdDate" : ISODate("2013-04-06T15:22:34.530Z")}

使用Query获取只包含name字段的文档，返回的User对象的age、ic和createDate字段都为null，如果要修改age字段并更新，它会覆盖所有值而不是更新age字段。

Query query = new Query();query.addCriteria(Criteria.where("name").is("appleB"));query.fields().include("name");User userTest2 = mongoOperation.findOne(query, User.class);System.out.println("userTest2 - " + userTest2);userTest2.setAge(99);mongoOperation.save(userTest2);// ooppss, you just override everything, it caused ic=null and// createdDate=nullQuery query1 = new Query();query1.addCriteria(Criteria.where("name").is("appleB"));User userTest2_1 = mongoOperation.findOne(query1, User.class);System.out.println("userTest2_1 - " + userTest2_1);

输出：

userTest2 - User [id=51603dba3004d7fffc202391, ic=null, name=appleB, age=0, createdDate=null]userTest2_1 - User [id=51603dba3004d7fffc202391, ic=null, name=appleB, age=99, createdDate=null]

save()方法之后，age字段被正确更新了，但是ic和createdDate字段都是null，整个user对象都被更新了。为了只更新某个字段而不是整个对象，可以使用updateFirst()或者updateMulti()，而不是save()。

3. updateFirst

更新符合查询条件的第一个文档。本例中，只有age字段被更新。

{    "_id" : ObjectId("id"),    "ic" : "1003",    "name" : "appleC",    "age" : 20,    "createdDate" : ISODate("2013-04-06T23:22:34.530Z")}

//returns only 'name' fieldQuery query = new Query();query.addCriteria(Criteria.where("name").is("appleC"));query.fields().include("name");User userTest3 = mongoOperation.findOne(query, User.class);System.out.println("userTest3 - " + userTest3);Update update = new Update();update.set("age", 100);mongoOperation.updateFirst(query, update, User.class);//returns everythingQuery query1 = new Query();query1.addCriteria(Criteria.where("name").is("appleC"));User userTest3_1 = mongoOperation.findOne(query1, User.class);System.out.println("userTest3_1 - " + userTest3_1);

输出：

userTest3 - User [id=id, ic=null, name=appleC, age=0, createdDate=null]userTest3_1 - User [id=id, ic=1003, name=appleC, age=100, createdDate=Sat Apr 06 23:22:34 MYT 2013]

4. updateMulti

更新符合查询条件的所有文档。

{    "_id" : ObjectId("id"),    "ic" : "1004",    "name" : "appleD",    "age" : 20,    "createdDate" : ISODate("2013-04-06T15:22:34.530Z")}{    "_id" : ObjectId("id"),    "ic" : "1005",    "name" : "appleE",    "age" : 20,    "createdDate" : ISODate("2013-04-06T15:22:34.530Z")}

//show the use of $or operatorQuery query = new Query();query.addCriteria(Criteria        .where("name").exists(true)        .orOperator(Criteria.where("name").is("appleD"),                Criteria.where("name").is("appleE")));Update update = new Update();//update age to 11update.set("age", 11);//remove the createdDate fieldupdate.unset("createdDate");// if use updateFirst, it will update 1004 only.// mongoOperation.updateFirst(query4, update4, User.class);// update all matched, both 1004 and 1005mongoOperation.updateMulti(query, update, User.class);System.out.println(query.toString());List<User> usersTest4 = mongoOperation.find(query4, User.class);for (User userTest4 : usersTest4) {    System.out.println("userTest4 - " + userTest4);}

输出：

Query: { "name" : { "$exists" : true} ,    "$or" : [ { "name" : "appleD"} , { "name" : "appleE"}]}, Fields: null, Sort: nulluserTest4 - User [id=id, ic=1004, name=appleD, age=11, createdDate=null]userTest4 - User [id=id, ic=1005, name=appleE, age=11, createdDate=null]

5. upsert

如果查询到符合的文档就更新，如果没有就根据查询条件创建一个新的文档，就像findAndModifyElseCreate()。

{    //no data}

//search a document that doesn't existQuery query = new Query();query.addCriteria(Criteria.where("name").is("appleZ"));Update update = new Update();update.set("age", 21);mongoOperation.upsert(query, update, User.class);User userTest5 = mongoOperation.findOne(query, User.class);System.out.println("userTest5 - " + userTest5);

输出：

userTest5 - User [id=id, ic=null, name=appleZ, age=21, createdDate=null]

6. findAndModify

使用一个操作查询、修改并获得更新后的对象。

{    "_id" : ObjectId("id"),    "ic" : "1006",    "name" : "appleF",    "age" : 20,    "createdDate" : ISODate("2013-04-07T13:11:34.530Z")}

Query query6 = new Query();query6.addCriteria(Criteria.where("name").is("appleF"));Update update6 = new Update();update6.set("age", 101);update6.set("ic", 1111);//FindAndModifyOptions().returnNew(true) = newly updated document//FindAndModifyOptions().returnNew(false) = old document (not update yet)User userTest6 = mongoOperation.findAndModify(        query6, update6,        new FindAndModifyOptions().returnNew(true), User.class);System.out.println("userTest6 - " + userTest6);

输出：

userTest6 - User [id=id, ic=1111, name=appleF, age=101, createdDate=Sun Apr 07 13:11:34 MYT 2013]

7. 完整实例

import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.Date;import java.util.List;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.FindAndModifyOptions;import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.MongoOperations;import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Criteria;import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Query;import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Update;import com.mkyong.config.SpringMongoConfig;import com.mkyong.model.User;public class UpdateApp {    public static void main(String[] args) {        // For Annotation        ApplicationContext ctx =            new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringMongoConfig.class);        MongoOperations mongoOperation =            (MongoOperations) ctx.getBean("mongoTemplate");        // insert 6 users for testing        List<User> users = new ArrayList<User>();        User user1 = new User("1001", "appleA", 20, new Date());        User user2 = new User("1002", "appleB", 20, new Date());        User user3 = new User("1003", "appleC", 20, new Date());        User user4 = new User("1004", "appleD", 20, new Date());        User user5 = new User("1005", "appleE", 20, new Date());        User user6 = new User("1006", "appleF", 20, new Date());        users.add(user1);        users.add(user2);        users.add(user3);        users.add(user4);        users.add(user5);        users.add(user6);        mongoOperation.insert(users, User.class);        // Case 1 ... find and update        System.out.println("Case 1");        Query query1 = new Query();        query1.addCriteria(Criteria.where("name").is("appleA"));        User userTest1 = mongoOperation.findOne(query1, User.class);        System.out.println("userTest1 - " + userTest1);        userTest1.setAge(99);        mongoOperation.save(userTest1);        User userTest1_1 = mongoOperation.findOne(query1, User.class);        System.out.println("userTest1_1 - " + userTest1_1);        // Case 2 ... select single field only        System.out.println("\nCase 2");        Query query2 = new Query();        query2.addCriteria(Criteria.where("name").is("appleB"));        query2.fields().include("name");        User userTest2 = mongoOperation.findOne(query2, User.class);        System.out.println("userTest2 - " + userTest2);        userTest2.setAge(99);        mongoOperation.save(userTest2);        // ooppss, you just override everything, it caused ic=null and        // createdDate=null        Query query2_1 = new Query();        query2_1.addCriteria(Criteria.where("name").is("appleB"));        User userTest2_1 = mongoOperation.findOne(query2_1, User.class);        System.out.println("userTest2_1 - " + userTest2_1);        System.out.println("\nCase 3");        Query query3 = new Query();        query3.addCriteria(Criteria.where("name").is("appleC"));        query3.fields().include("name");        User userTest3 = mongoOperation.findOne(query3, User.class);        System.out.println("userTest3 - " + userTest3);        Update update3 = new Update();        update3.set("age", 100);        mongoOperation.updateFirst(query3, update3, User.class);        Query query3_1 = new Query();        query3_1.addCriteria(Criteria.where("name").is("appleC"));        User userTest3_1 = mongoOperation.findOne(query3_1, User.class);        System.out.println("userTest3_1 - " + userTest3_1);        System.out.println("\nCase 4");        Query query4 = new Query();        query4.addCriteria(Criteria                .where("name")                .exists(true)                .orOperator(Criteria.where("name").is("appleD"),                        Criteria.where("name").is("appleE")));        Update update4 = new Update();        update4.set("age", 11);        update4.unset("createdDate");        // update 1004 only.        // mongoOperation.updateFirst(query4, update4, User.class);        // update all matched        mongoOperation.updateMulti(query4, update4, User.class);        System.out.println(query4.toString());        List<User> usersTest4 = mongoOperation.find(query4, User.class);        for (User userTest4 : usersTest4) {            System.out.println("userTest4 - " + userTest4);        }        System.out.println("\nCase 5");        Query query5 = new Query();        query5.addCriteria(Criteria.where("name").is("appleZ"));        Update update5 = new Update();        update5.set("age", 21);        mongoOperation.upsert(query5, update5, User.class);        User userTest5 = mongoOperation.findOne(query5, User.class);        System.out.println("userTest5 - " + userTest5);        System.out.println("\nCase 6");        Query query6 = new Query();        query6.addCriteria(Criteria.where("name").is("appleF"));        Update update6 = new Update();        update6.set("age", 101);        update6.set("ic", 1111);        User userTest6 = mongoOperation.findAndModify(query6, update6,                new FindAndModifyOptions().returnNew(true), User.class);        System.out.println("userTest6 - " + userTest6);        mongoOperation.dropCollection(User.class);    }}

输出：

Case 1userTest1 - User [id=id, ic=1001, name=appleA, age=20, createdDate=Sun Apr 07 13:22:48 MYT 2013]userTest1_1 - User [id=id, ic=1001, name=appleA, age=99, createdDate=Sun Apr 07 13:22:48 MYT 2013]Case 2userTest2 - User [id=id, ic=null, name=appleB, age=0, createdDate=null]userTest2_1 - User [id=id, ic=null, name=appleB, age=99, createdDate=null]Case 3userTest3 - User [id=id, ic=null, name=appleC, age=0, createdDate=null]userTest3_1 - User [id=id, ic=1003, name=appleC, age=100, createdDate=Sun Apr 07 13:22:48 MYT 2013]Case 4Query: { "name" : { "$exists" : true} , "$or" : [ { "name" : "appleD"} , { "name" : "appleE"}]}, Fields: null, Sort: nulluserTest4 - User [id=id, ic=1004, name=appleD, age=11, createdDate=null]userTest4 - User [id=id, ic=1005, name=appleE, age=11, createdDate=null]Case 5userTest5 - User [id=id, ic=null, name=appleZ, age=21, createdDate=null]Case 6userTest6 - User [id=id, ic=1006, name=appleF, age=20, createdDate=Sun Apr 07 13:22:48 MYT 2013]