Linux平台总线驱动设备模型

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platform总线是一种虚拟的总线,相应的设备则为platform_device,而驱动则为platform_driver。Linux 2.6的设备驱动模型中,把I2C、RTC、LCD等都归纳为platform_device。

总线将设备和驱动绑定,在系统每注册一个设备的时候,会寻找与之匹配的驱动;相反的,在系统每注册一个驱动的时候,会寻找与之匹配的设备,而匹配由总线完成。

Linux2.6系统中定义了一个bus_type的实例platform_bus_type

struct bus_type platform_bus_type = {.name= "platform",.dev_attrs= platform_dev_attrs,.match= platform_match,//设备和驱动使用match函数来判断是否匹配.uevent= platform_uevent,.pm= PLATFORM_PM_OPS_PTR,};
/* platform_match函数用于匹配总线中的驱动和设备 */static int platform_match(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv){struct platform_device *pdev = to_platform_device(dev);struct platform_driver *pdrv = to_platform_driver(drv);/* match against the id table first */if (pdrv->id_table)return platform_match_id(pdrv->id_table, pdev) != NULL;/* fall-back to driver name match */return (strcmp(pdev->name, drv->name) == 0);}

platform_match函数首先判断是否由id_table,如果有则使用id_table来进行匹配,否则,判断platform_device和platform_driver成员里的name,如果二者的name字段相同则匹配,如果匹配则调用platform_driver的probe函数。

platform_device结构体的定义

struct platform_device {const char* name;/* 名字 */intid;struct devicedev;u32num_resources;/* 资源总数 */struct resource* resource;/* 资源 */struct platform_device_id*id_entry;};

其中有个重要的成员是resource,是设备的资源信息,如IO地址,中断号等。

struct resource {resource_size_t start;//资源的起始值resource_size_t end;//资源的结束值const char *name;unsigned long flags;//资源的类型,如IORESOURCE_IO,IORESOURCE_MEM,IORESOURCE_IRQ,IORESOURCE_DMAstruct resource *parent, *sibling, *child;};

有的设备可能有多个资源,通常使用platform_get_resource函数来获取资源

/** * platform_get_resource - get a resource for a device * @dev: platform device * @type: resource type * @num: resource index */struct resource *platform_get_resource(struct platform_device *dev,       unsigned int type, unsigned int num){int i;for (i = 0; i < dev->num_resources; i++) {struct resource *r = &dev->resource[i];if (type == resource_type(r) && num-- == 0)return r;}return NULL;}

平台设备的注册,使用platform_device_register函数

int platform_device_register(struct platform_device *pdev){device_initialize(&pdev->dev);return platform_device_add(pdev);}

platform_device_register函数先通过device_initialize函数初始化platform_device的device成员,然后调用platform_device_add向内核添加一个平台设备。

int platform_device_add(struct platform_device *pdev){int i, ret = 0;if (!pdev)/* 如果pdev为空则返回EINVAL */return -EINVAL;/* 如果pdev->dev.parent为空则将pdev->dev.parent设置为platform_bus */if (!pdev->dev.parent)pdev->dev.parent = &platform_bus;pdev->dev.bus = &platform_bus_type;/* 设置总线类型 */if (pdev->id != -1)/* 如果id = -1则表示自动分配name */dev_set_name(&pdev->dev, "%s.%d", pdev->name,  pdev->id);elsedev_set_name(&pdev->dev, pdev->name);for (i = 0; i < pdev->num_resources; i++) {struct resource *p, *r = &pdev->resource[i];/* 获取资源 */if (r->name == NULL)r->name = dev_name(&pdev->dev);p = r->parent;if (!p) {if (resource_type(r) == IORESOURCE_MEM) /* 设置资源类型 */p = &iomem_resource;else if (resource_type(r) == IORESOURCE_IO)p = &ioport_resource;}if (p && insert_resource(p, r)) {printk(KERN_ERR       "%s: failed to claim resource %d\n",       dev_name(&pdev->dev), i);ret = -EBUSY;goto failed;}}pr_debug("Registering platform device '%s'. Parent at %s\n", dev_name(&pdev->dev), dev_name(pdev->dev.parent));/* 向内核添加一个device */ret = device_add(&pdev->dev);if (ret == 0)return ret; failed:while (--i >= 0) {struct resource *r = &pdev->resource[i];unsigned long type = resource_type(r);if (type == IORESOURCE_MEM || type == IORESOURCE_IO)release_resource(r);}return ret;}

platform_device_add最终调用device_add来完成平台设备的注册。


 相反地,如果要注销平台设备则使用platform_device_unregister函数

void platform_device_unregister(struct platform_device *pdev){platform_device_del(pdev);platform_device_put(pdev);}

platform_device_unregister函数调用platform_device_del函数来注销平台设备

void platform_device_del(struct platform_device *pdev){int i;if (pdev) {device_del(&pdev->dev);for (i = 0; i < pdev->num_resources; i++) {struct resource *r = &pdev->resource[i];unsigned long type = resource_type(r);if (type == IORESOURCE_MEM || type == IORESOURCE_IO)release_resource(r);}}}


platform_device_del函数调用device_del函数来删除平台设备,相应地,要释放资源应调用release_resource函数,前提是资源的类型必须为IORESOURCE_MEM或者IORESOURCE_IO

platform_driver的定义:

struct platform_driver {int (*probe)(struct platform_device *);int (*remove)(struct platform_device *);void (*shutdown)(struct platform_device *);int (*suspend)(struct platform_device *, pm_message_t state);int (*resume)(struct platform_device *);struct device_driver driver;const struct platform_device_id *id_table;};


device_driver的定义:

struct device_driver {const char*name;struct bus_type*bus;struct module*owner;const char*mod_name;/* used for built-in modules */bool suppress_bind_attrs;/* disables bind/unbind via sysfs */const struct of_device_id*of_match_table;const struct acpi_device_id*acpi_match_table;int (*probe) (struct device *dev);int (*remove) (struct device *dev);void (*shutdown) (struct device *dev);int (*suspend) (struct device *dev, pm_message_t state);int (*resume) (struct device *dev);const struct attribute_group **groups;const struct dev_pm_ops *pm;struct driver_private *p;};

platform_driver结构体有device_driver成员,该成员的各自字段如上所示,device_driver也有probe、remove、shutdown等函数,在平台驱动注册的时候被初始化。

前面说过,当系统中存在有平台设备和平台驱动通过总线的match函数匹配后则会调用platform_driver的probe函数,参数为platform_device,有时候也通过id_table来判断是否匹配。

struct platform_device_id {char name[PLATFORM_NAME_SIZE];kernel_ulong_t driver_data__attribute__((aligned(sizeof(kernel_ulong_t))));};

平台驱动的注册使用platform_driver_register函数

int platform_driver_register(struct platform_driver *drv){drv->driver.bus = &platform_bus_type;if (drv->probe)drv->driver.probe = platform_drv_probe;if (drv->remove)drv->driver.remove = platform_drv_remove;if (drv->shutdown)drv->driver.shutdown = platform_drv_shutdown;if (drv->suspend)drv->driver.suspend = platform_drv_suspend;if (drv->resume)drv->driver.resume = platform_drv_resume;return driver_register(&drv->driver);}

先初始化platform_driver里的driver,该driver的类型为device_driver,设置driver的bus为platform_bus_type;设置driver的probe为platform_drv_probe;设置driver的remove为platform_drv_remove;设置driver的shutdown为platform_drv_shutdown;设置driver的suspend为platform_drv_suspend;设置driver的resume为platform_drv_resume,最后调用driver_register函数来注册平台驱动。

相反地,要注销平台驱动的话,使用platform_driver_unregister函数

void platform_driver_unregister(struct platform_driver *drv){driver_unregister(&drv->driver);}

附韦老师总结的bus_drv_dev模型的框架图

转载自:http://blog.csdn.net/lwj103862095/article/details/17957637