Python基础-获取对象信息的常用函数

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type()函数

基本数据类型

示例

print(type(1) == type("1"))print(type(1) == type(2))

运行结果

FalseTrue

对象

两个对象分别为

#!/usr/bin/env python3# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# 继承from Person import *# Man 继承了 Person 的所有方法class Man(Person):    # 子类只有的方法    def manPrint(self):        print("I' m  a man")    # 多态，重新父类的方法    def toString(self):        print("重新父类方法，体现 多态 %s : %s" % (self.name, self.age))=================================================       #!/usr/bin/env python3# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-"Person绫?class Person(object):    def __init__(self, name, age):        self.__name = name        self.__age = age    def setName(self, name):        self.__name  = name    def getName(self):        return self.__name    def setAge(self, age):        self.__age = age    def getAge(self):        return self.__age    def toString(self):        print("%s:%s"%(self.__name, self.__age))

同样使用type

#!/usr/bin/env python3# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# 继承from Man import *from Person import *# 运行结果 Trueprint(type(Man) == type(Person))

isinstance()

是否有class的继承关系

#!/usr/bin/env python3# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# 继承from Man import *from Person import *mPerson = Person("女娲娘娘","888")mMan = Man("韦小宝", "18")result = isinstance(mPerson, Man)# 运行结果:Trueprint(result)result = isinstance(mMan, Person)# 运行结果:Falseprint(result)

dir()

获得一个对象的所有属性和方法
示例

print(dir(Person))

运行结果

D:\PythonProject\sustudy>python main.py['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', 'getAge', 'getName', 'setAge', 'setName', 'toString']

getattr()、setattr()以及hasattr()

示例

if(hasattr(Man, 'toString')):    result = getattr(Man, 'toString')    print(result)if(hasattr(mMan, 'toString')):    result = getattr(mMan, 'toString')    print(result)

运行结果

D:\PythonProject\sustudy>python main.py<function Man.toString at 0x0000000002C14BF8><bound method Man.toString of <Man.Man object at 0x0000000002C295C0>>

结语

本章很空洞，知道有这些常见函数就行了，尴尬

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