完美解决 Linux安装python2.7 方案

Linux下安装python 2.7

原文地址：http://www.jianshu.com/p/6425d18d3e47

安装依赖的库

yum -y install python-devel openssl openssl-devel gcc sqlite sqlite-devel mysql-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel

Python

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下载python 2.7.13

www.python.org

[root@server2 ~]# mkdir /software[root@server2 ~]# cd /software/[root@server2 software]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.13/Python-2.7.13.tgz[root@server2 software]# ll总用量 36852-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17076672 12月 18 04:21 Python-2.7.13.tgz-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20656090 1月  17 16:07 Python-3.5.3.tgz

解压文件

[root@server2 software]# tar -zxf Python-2.7.13.tgz 

进入目录

[root@server2 software]# cd Python-2.7.13

编译安装

[root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python2.7 --with-threads --enable-shared[root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# make && make altinstall

备份旧python相关命令

===> 有些版本/usr/bin/目录下不存在pip 忽略下面第一行命令即可[root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# mv /usr/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip_old  [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# mv /usr/bin/easy_install /usr/bin/easy_install_old[root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python_old

新版本python命令做软连接，快捷使用

[root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so /usr/lib[root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0 /usr/lib[root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python[root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so /usr/lib64[root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0 /usr/lib64

测试python是否可以正常使用

[root@server2 ~]# pythonPython 2.7.13 (default, Apr 11 2017, 11:14:36) [GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18)] on linux2Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.>>> 

安装pip

下载最新版的pip，然后安装

[root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# cd /software/[root@server2 software]# wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py[root@server2 software]# python get-pip.py 

查找pip的位置

[root@server2 software]# find / -name pip/usr/local/python2.7/bin/pip

找到pip2.7的路径，为其创建软链作为系统默认的启动版本

[root@server2 software]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip

测试pip是否可用

[root@server2 software]# pip install PillowCollecting Pillow  Downloading Pillow-4.1.0-cp27-cp27m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (5.7MB)    100% |████████████████████████████████| 5.7MB 129kB/s Collecting olefile (from Pillow)  Downloading olefile-0.44.zip (74kB)    100% |████████████████████████████████| 81kB 541kB/s Building wheels for collected packages: olefile  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for olefile ... done  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/20/58/49/cc7bd00345397059149a10b0259ef38b867935ea2ecff99a9bSuccessfully built olefileInstalling collected packages: olefile, PillowSuccessfully installed Pillow-4.1.0 olefile-0.44

安装easy_install

下载最新版的easy_install，然后安装

[root@server2 software]# wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/ez_setup.py[root@server2 software]# python ez_setup.py 

找到easy_install的路径，为其创建软链作为系统默认的启动版本

[root@server2 software]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/easy_install /usr/bin/easy_install

测试easy_install是否可用

[root@server2 software]# easy_install beautifulsoup4Searching for beautifulsoup4Reading https://pypi.python.org/simple/beautifulsoup4/Downloading https://pypi.python.org/packages/9b/a5/c6fa2d08e6c671103f9508816588e0fb9cec40444e8e72993f3d4c325936/beautifulsoup4-4.5.3.tar.gz#md5=937e0df0d699a1237646f38fd567f0c6Best match: beautifulsoup4 4.5.3Processing beautifulsoup4-4.5.3.tar.gzWriting /tmp/easy_install-OSpCW5/beautifulsoup4-4.5.3/setup.cfgRunning beautifulsoup4-4.5.3/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /tmp/easy_install-OSpCW5/beautifulsoup4-4.5.3/egg-dist-tmp-m3PXo5zip_safe flag not set; analyzing archive contents...Moving beautifulsoup4-4.5.3-py2.7.egg to /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packagesAdding beautifulsoup4 4.5.3 to easy-install.pth fileInstalled /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/beautifulsoup4-4.5.3-py2.7.eggProcessing dependencies for beautifulsoup4Finished processing dependencies for beautifulsoup4

yum 安装工具只支持系统自带的python版本， 修改配置文件使其可正常使用

查看原版本python

[root@server2 software]# ll /usr/bin/python*lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   34 4月  11 11:20 /usr/bin/python -> /usr/local/python2.7/bin/python2.7lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    6 2月  15 14:33 /usr/bin/python2 -> python-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 9032 8月  18 2016 /usr/bin/python2.6  ==> 这个就是系统自带的python -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1418 8月  18 2016 /usr/bin/python2.6-configlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   16 4月  11 10:47 /usr/bin/python-config -> python2.6-config-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 9032 8月  18 2016 /usr/bin/python_old

修改配置文件 /usr/bin/yum

#!/usr/bin/python  ===>  修改为  #!/usr/bin/python2.6

测试yum是否可用

[root@server2 software]# yum -y install python-devel已加载插件：fastestmirror, security设置安装进程Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: mirrors.aliyun.com包 python-devel-2.6.6-66.el6_8.x86_64 已安装并且是最新版本无须任何处理

好了，大功告成。
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优化

编写一键安装python2.7的脚本

由于Centos 6.x的系统默认都是python2.6 ，如果服务器需要用2.7环境的话每台都得手动操作升级，工作量比较大， 编写脚本提升效率。（Centos 7.x版本的默认的python都是2.7.5版本）

创建用于存放python脚本的目录

[root@server2 software]# mkdir /script/python/[root@server2 software]# cd /script/python/

由于国外python网站下载python安装包缓慢，可以提前下载下来，和install_py27.sh放在一起，在脚本中直接解压本地文件进行安装，我已经上传到网盘
点击我下载

开始编写脚本 install_py27.sh

#!/bin/sh # __author__ = 'junxi'# This script is used by fast installed python2.7 ......# write by 2017/04/11echo "##############start run install for python2.7 script############"yum -y install python-devel openssl openssl-devel gcc sqlite sqlite-devel mysql-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-develmkdir /softwaremv Python-2.7.13.tgz /softwarecd /softwaretar -zxf Python-2.7.13.tgzcd Python-2.7.13/./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python2.7 --with-threads --enable-sharedmakemake altinstallmv /usr/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip_oldmv /usr/bin/easy_install /usr/bin/easy_install_oldmv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python_oldln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so /usr/libln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0 /usr/libln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/pythonln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so /usr/lib64ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0 /usr/lib64cd /softwarewget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.pypython get-pip.pyln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/pip /usr/bin/pipecho "############更换pip源为国内淘宝源##########"mkdir /root/.pip/touch /root/.pip/pip.confcat >> /root/.pip/pip.conf << EOF[global]index-url=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ [install]trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.comEOFpip install Pillowsed -i 's#\/usr/bin/python#\/usr/bin/python2.6#g' /usr/bin/yumyum -y install python-develecho 'the install script is the end......'

把Python-2.7.13.tgz文件和install_py27.sh脚本下载下来，放在同一个目录下：
运行下面命令进行安装

/bin/sh install_py27.sh

安装完成后执行python查看版本

 python