Linux网络连接模式以及修改静态IP

来源：互联网发布：virtualbox nat网络编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/05/19 13:27

网络连接模式

1、桥接模式

centos相当于一台物理机，可以直接连接外网，能够连接同一个局域网下为桥接模式的其他宿主机上的客户机

2、NAT模式

通过宿主机连接外网，可以访问同一个局域网的其他物理主机，但是其他主机不能够访问该宿主机

3、only host

不能连接外网，可以连接同一宿主机的其他客户机

修改静态IP

[root@localhost network-scripts]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/[root@localhost network-scripts]# lsifcfg-eno16777736  ifdown-ipv6    ifdown-TeamPort  ifup-ippp   ifup-routes       network-functionsifcfg-lo           ifdown-isdn    ifdown-tunnel    ifup-ipv6   ifup-sit          network-functions-ipv6ifdown             ifdown-post    ifup             ifup-isdn   ifup-Teamifdown-bnep        ifdown-ppp     ifup-aliases     ifup-plip   ifup-TeamPortifdown-eth         ifdown-routes  ifup-bnep        ifup-plusb  ifup-tunnelifdown-ib          ifdown-sit     ifup-eth         ifup-post   ifup-wirelessifdown-ippp        ifdown-Team    ifup-ib          ifup-ppp    init.ipv6-global[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-eno16777736 ifcfg-eno16777736.bak[root@localhost network-scripts]# lsifcfg-eno16777736      ifdown-ippp    ifdown-Team      ifup-ib     ifup-ppp       init.ipv6-globalifcfg-eno16777736.bak  ifdown-ipv6    ifdown-TeamPort  ifup-ippp   ifup-routes    network-functionsifcfg-lo               ifdown-isdn    ifdown-tunnel    ifup-ipv6   ifup-sit       network-functions-ipv6ifdown                 ifdown-post    ifup             ifup-isdn   ifup-Teamifdown-bnep            ifdown-ppp     ifup-aliases     ifup-plip   ifup-TeamPortifdown-eth             ifdown-routes  ifup-bnep        ifup-plusb  ifup-tunnelifdown-ib              ifdown-sit     ifup-eth         ifup-post   ifup-wireless[root@localhost network-scripts]# nano ifcfg-eno16777736.bak

TYPE=EthernetBOOTPROTO=noneDEFROUTE=yesIPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=noIPV6INIT=noIPV6_AUTOCONF=noIPV6_DEFROUTE=noIPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=noNAME=eno16777736UUID=89b859f5-ddf6-4056-a99c-c29fbf5d4ee2DEVICE=eno16777736ONBOOT=yesPEERDNS=yesPEERROUTES=yesIPV6_PEERDNS=noIPV6_PEERROUTES=noIPADDR=192.168.109.100PREFIX=24GATEWAY=192.168.109.2DNS=192.168.109.2

[root@localhost network-scripts]# cd /etc[root@localhost etc]# ls |grep resolv.confresolv.conf[root@localhost etc]# nano resolv.conf[root@localhost etc]#

nameserver 192.168.109.2

重启网络service network restart

查看所有进程信息

[root@localhost ~]# ps -Af |grep servicecr121      1794      1  0 05:29 ?        00:00:00 /usr/libexec/goa-identity-servicecr121      1985   1494  0 05:29 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/gnome-software --gapplication-servicecr121      2029      1  0 05:29 ?        00:00:00 /usr/libexec/dconf-serviceroot       2332   2179  0 05:39 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto service[root@localhost ~]#

top:动态显示进程的信息包括CPU，内存的使用情况

cut剪切显示

[root@localhost aa]# cat a.txthellohow are you[root@localhost aa]# cut -c 1-7 a.txt//显示1-7列hellohow are[root@localhost aa]#

[root@localhost aa]# ps -Af |cut -c 45-80 |more//查看所有进程，并剪切显示45-80列

sudo 临时使用root的权利，命令执行完毕失效

给用户添加sudo的权利

查看磁盘分区

[root@localhost dev]# fdisk -l /dev/sdaDisk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectorsUnits = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk label type: dosDisk identifier: 0x000bcae1   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/sda1   *        2048      616447      307200   83  Linux/dev/sda2          616448     4810751     2097152   82  Linux swap / Solaris/dev/sda3         4810752    41943039    18566144   83  Linux[root@localhost dev]#

查看磁盘使用情况

[root@localhost ~]# df -ah .Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/sda3        18G   11G  7.5G  58% /[root@localhost ~]#

[root@localhost ~]# dirname /a/b/c/a/b[root@localhost ~]#

[root@localhost ~]# basename /a/b/cc[root@localhost ~]#

修改主机名称

[root@localhost etc]# ls -l |grep hostdrwxr-xr-x.  3 root root       17 Sep  6 10:22 ghostscript-rw-r--r--.  1 root root        9 Jun  7  2013 host.conf-rw-r--r--.  1 root root       22 Nov 23 20:23 hostname-rw-r--r--.  1 root root      158 Jun  7  2013 hosts-rw-r--r--.  1 root root      370 Jun  7  2013 hosts.allow-rw-r--r--.  1 root root      460 Jun  7  2013 hosts.deny[root@localhost etc]# nano hostname[root@localhost etc]# cat hostnames128[root@localhost etc]

设置主机名与IP地址的映射

[root@s128 etc]# ls -l|grep hostsdrwxr-xr-x.  3 root root       17 Sep  6 10:22 ghostscript-rw-r--r--.  1 root root      158 Jun  7  2013 hosts-rw-r--r--.  1 root root      370 Jun  7  2013 hosts.allow-rw-r--r--.  1 root root      460 Jun  7  2013 hosts.deny[root@s128 etc]# nano hosts[root@s128 etc]# ping s128PING s128 (192.168.109.128) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from s128 (192.168.109.128): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.028 ms64 bytes from s128 (192.168.109.128): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.030 ms64 bytes from s128 (192.168.109.128): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.030 ms64 bytes from s128 (192.168.109.128): icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.034 ms64 bytes from s128 (192.168.109.128): icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.032 ms64 bytes from s128 (192.168.109.128): icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.034 ms64 bytes from s128 (192.168.109.128): icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.031 ms64 bytes from s128 (192.168.109.128): icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.029 ms^C

命令的嵌套

[root@s128 ~]# echo s128>a.txt[root@s128 ~]# cat a.txts128[root@s128 ~]# ping $(cat a.txt)PING s128 (192.168.109.128) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from s128 (192.168.109.128): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.044 ms64 bytes from s128 (192.168.109.128): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.089 ms64 bytes from s128 (192.168.109.128): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.052 ms^C--- s128 ping statistics ---3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1999msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.044/0.061/0.089/0.021 ms[root@s128 ~]# ping `cat a.txt`PING s128 (192.168.109.128) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from s128 (192.168.109.128): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.056 ms64 bytes from s128 (192.168.109.128): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.069 ms64 bytes from s128 (192.168.109.128): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.036 ms^C--- s128 ping statistics ---3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.036/0.053/0.069/0.016 ms[root@s128 ~]#

添加用户

[root@s128 sbin]# useradd -m centos2[root@s128 sbin]# cd /home[root@s128 home]# lscentos2  cr121  hadoop  test.txt[root@s128 home]# su centos2[centos2@s128 home]$

删除用户

[centos2@s128 home]$ su rootPassword:[root@s128 home]# which userdel/usr/sbin/userdel[root@s128 home]# man userdel[root@s128 home]# userdel -rf centos2userdel: user centos2 is currently used by process 2484[root@s128 home]# lscr121  hadoop  test.txt[root@s128 home]

查看文件的物理位置（由于存在符号链接的作用，显示的是逻辑位置）

[root@s128 home]# cd /bin[root@s128 bin]# pwd/bin[root@s128 bin]# pwd -P/usr/bin[root@s128 bin]#

访问环境变量

[root@s128 ~]# echo $PATH/root/.bashrc/anaconda3/bin:/usr/local/maven352/bin:/root/anaconda3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/spark2.2/bin:/usr/local/spark2.2/sbin:/usr/local/jdk1.8/bin:/root/bin[root@s128 ~]# echo ${PATH}/root/.bashrc/anaconda3/bin:/usr/local/maven352/bin:/root/anaconda3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/spark2.2/bin:/usr/local/spark2.2/sbin:/usr/local/jdk1.8/bin:/root/bin[root@s128 ~]# echo "PATH"

定义环境变量export，只在session中有效

[root@s128 ~]# export name=jj[root@s128 ~]# namebash: name: command not found...[root@s128 ~]# echo $namejj[root@s128 ~]#

export三元运算符

[root@s128 ~]# export name=yy[root@s128 ~]# echo $nameyy[root@s128 ~]# export mypath=${name:-$PATH}[root@s128 ~]# echo mypathmypath[root@s128 ~]# echo $mypathyy[root@s128 ~]# export mypath=${name1:-$PATH}[root@s128 ~]# echo $mypath/root/.bashrc/anaconda3/bin:/usr/local/maven352/bin:/root/anaconda3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/spark2.2/bin:/usr/local/spark2.2/sbin:/usr/local/jdk1.8/bin:/root/bin[root@s128 ~]#

查看最后一次命令执行成功与否 0：成功 1：失败

[root@s128 ~]# lsaa         anaconda-ks.cfg  Desktop    Downloads  Pictures  Templates  Videosanaconda3  a.txt            Documents  Music      Public    test.txt[root@s128 ~]# rm -rf aa[root@s128 ~]# echo $?0[root@s128 ~]#

获取参数的个数

[root@s128 ~]# nano a.sh[root@s128 ~]# ./a.sh 12 3 4helloworld[root@s128 ~]# lltotal 20drwxr-xr-x. 22 root root 4096 Nov 29 01:48 anaconda3-rw-------.  1 root root 2741 Nov 23 20:24 anaconda-ks.cfg-rwxr--r--.  1 root root   52 Dec 19 01:03 a.shdrwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 29 00:47 Desktopdrwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 29 00:47 Documentsdrwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 29 00:47 Downloadsdrwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 29 00:47 Musicdrwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 29 00:47 Picturesdrwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 29 00:47 Publicdrwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 29 00:47 Templates-rw-r--r--.  1 root root   27 Dec 16 17:48 test.txt-rw-r--r--.  1 root root    2 Dec 19 01:06 t.txtdrwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 29 00:47 Videos[root@s128 ~]# cat t.txt3

获取参数的总个数 $# 参数左移 shift 获取脚本名称：$0

[root@s128 ~]# ./a.sh 1 2 3 4helloworldthe parameters is: num=4the script's name is :./a.sh./a.sh: line 6: echon: command not found22[root@s128 ~]#

[root@s128 ~]# help ifif: if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; ]... [ else COMMANDS; ] fi

for循环

利用for循环输出0-100

for循环遍历

[root@s128 bin]# for x  in a b c ;do echo $x;doneabc[root@s128 bin]#

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