Python基础-常用内建模块 datetime

datetime 模块

datetime是Python处理日期和时间的标准库

获取当前日期和时间

示例

#!/usr/bin/env python3# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# 常用内建模块-datetime# 注意到datetime是模块，datetime模块还包含一个datetime类，通过from datetime import datetime导入的才是datetime这个类。from datetime import datetime# 获取当前日期和时间def getCurDateTime():    # 获取当前系统时间    now = datetime.now()    print(now)    print(type(now))# 获取指定日期和时间def customDateTime():    dt = datetime(2018, 8, 18, 8, 8, 8)    print(dt)def runTest():    getCurDateTime()    customDateTime()runTest()

运行结果

D:\PythonProject\sustudy>python main.py2017-12-18 14:43:12.464594<class 'datetime.datetime'>2018-08-18 08:08:08

datetime转换为 timestamp

timestamp时间是已1970年1月1日 00:00:00 UTC+00:00时区的时刻为起始时间的计算的

# datetime 转换为 timestampdef datetime2timestamp():    dt = datetime(2018, 8, 18, 8, 8, 8)    result = dt.timestamp()    # 类似这样的浮点数格式 1534550888.0    print(result)

timestamp 转换为 datetime

# timestamp 转换为 datetimedef timestamp2datetime():    time = 1534550888.0    # 本地时间即本地市区对应的时间    result = datetime.fromtimestamp(time)    # 2018-08-18 08:08:08    print(result)    # UTC标准时间，格林威治 UTC+0:00时区    result = datetime.utcfromtimestamp(time)    # 2018-08-18 00:08:08    print(result)

str 转换为 datetime

# str 转换为 datetimedef str2datetime(strTime):    mTime = datetime.strptime(strTime, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")    print(mTime)def runTest():    str2datetime("2018-08-18 08:08:08")runTest()

datetime 转换为 str

# datetime 转换为 str  def datetime2str():    now = datetime.now()    # Mon , Dec 18 15 : 25    print(now.strftime("%a , %b %d %H : %M"))

datetime 加减

# datetime 加减def operaterDateTime():    now = datetime.now()    print("curTime ", now)    result = now + timedelta(days = 1)    print("新增一天 ", result)    result = now - timedelta(days = 1)    print("减去一天 ", result)

运行结果

D:\PythonProject\sustudy>python main.pycurTime  2017-12-18 15:33:55.771059新增一天  2017-12-19 15:33:55.771059减去一天  2017-12-17 15:33:55.771059

本地时间转换为UTC时间

# 本地时间转换为UTC时间def local2UtcTime():    # 本地时间    now = datetime.now()    print("本地时间 ", now)    utcNow = now.astimezone(timezone.utc)    print("UTC时间 ", utcNow)

运行结果

D:\PythonProject\sustudy>python main.py本地时间  2017-12-18 17:06:53.723494UTC时间  2017-12-18 09:06:53.723494+00:00

完整示例

#!/usr/bin/env python3# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# 常用内建模块-datetimefrom datetime import datetime, timedelta,timezone# datetime 转换为 timestampdef datetime2timestamp():    dt = datetime(2018, 8, 18, 8, 8, 8)    result = dt.timestamp()    # 类似这样的浮点数格式 1534550888.0    print(result)# timestamp 转换为 datetimedef timestamp2datetime():    time = 1534550888.0    # 本地时间即本地市区对应的时间    result = datetime.fromtimestamp(time)    # 2018-08-18 08:08:08    print(result)    # UTC标准时间，格林威治 UTC+0:00时区    result = datetime.utcfromtimestamp(time)    # 2018-08-18 00:08:08    print(result)# str 转换为 datetime# strTime = "2018-08-18 08:08:08"def str2datetime(strTime):    mTime = datetime.strptime(strTime, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")    # 2018-08-18 08:08:08    print(mTime)# datetime 转换为 str  def datetime2str():    now = datetime.now()    # Mon , Dec 18 15 : 25    print(now.strftime("%a , %b %d %H : %M"))# datetime 加减def operaterDateTime():    now = datetime.now()    print("curTime ", now)    result = now + timedelta(days = 1)    print("新增一天 ", result)    result = now - timedelta(days = 1)    print("减去一天 ", result)# 本地时间转换为UTC时间def local2UtcTime():    # 本地时间    now = datetime.now()    print("本地时间 ", now)    utcNow = now.astimezone(timezone.utc)    print("UTC时间 ", utcNow)def runTest():    passrunTest()