Android移动开发-蓝牙（BlueTooth）设备检测连接的实现
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无论是WIFI还是4G网络，建立网络连接后都是访问互联网资源，并不能直接访问局域网资源。比如两个人在一起，A要把手机上的视频传给B，通常情况是打开手机QQ，通过QQ传送文件给对方。不过上传视频很耗流量，如果现场没有可用的WIFI，手机的数据流量又不足，那又该怎么办呢？为了解决这种邻近传输文件的问题，蓝牙技术应运而生。蓝牙技术是一种无线技术标准，可实现设备之间的短距离数据交换。
Android为蓝牙技术提供了4个工具类，分别是蓝牙适配器BluetoothAdapter、蓝牙设备BluetoothDevice、蓝牙服务端套接字BluetoothServerSocket和蓝牙客户端套接字BluetoothSocket。
- 蓝牙适配器BluetoothAdapter
BluetoothAdapter的作用其实跟其它的**Manger差不多，可以把它当作蓝牙管理器。下面是BluetoothAdapter的常用方法说明。
getDefaultAdapter：静态方法，获取默认的蓝牙适配器对象；
enable：打开蓝牙功能；
disable：关闭蓝牙功能；
isEnable：判断蓝牙功能是否打开；
startDiscovery：开始搜索周围的蓝牙设备；
cancelDiscovery：取消搜索操作；
isDiscovering：判断当前是否正在搜索设备；
getBondedDevices：获取已绑定的设备列表；
setName：设置本机的蓝牙名称；
getName：获取本机的蓝牙名称；
getAddress：获取本机的蓝牙地址；
getRemoteDevice：根据蓝牙地址获取远程的蓝牙设备；
getState：获取本地蓝牙适配器的状态；
listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord：根据名称和UUID创建并返回BluetoothServiceSocket；
listenUsingRfcommOn：根据渠道编号创建并返回BluetoothServiceSocket。
- 蓝牙设备BluetoothDevice
BluetoothDevice用于指代某个蓝牙设备，通常表示对方设备。BluetoothAdapter管理的是本机蓝牙设备。下面是BluetoothDevice的常用方法说明。
getName：获得该设备的名称；
getAddress：获得该设备的地址；
getBondState：获得该设备的绑定状态；
createBond：创建匹配对象；
createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord：根据UUID创建并返回一个BluetoothSocket。
- 蓝牙服务器套接字BluetoothServiceSocket
BluetoothServiceSocket是服务端的Socket，用来接收客户端的Socket连接请求。下面是常用的方法说明。
accept：监听外部的蓝牙连接请求；
close：关闭服务端的蓝牙监听。
- 蓝牙客户端套接字BluetoothSocket
BluetoothSocket是客户端的Socket，用于与对方设备进行数据通信。下面是常用的方法说明。
connect：建立蓝牙的socket连接；
close：关闭蓝牙的socket连接；
getInputStream：获取socket连接的输入流对象；
getOutputStream：获取socket连接的输出流对象；
getRemoteDevice：获取远程设备信息。
- layout\activity_bluetooth.xml界面布局代码如下：界面布局代码如下：
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical" android:padding="5dp"> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="horizontal"> <CheckBox android:id="@+id/ck_bluetooth" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:button="@null" android:checked="false" android:drawableLeft="@drawable/ck_status_selector" android:text="蓝牙" android:textColor="#ff000000" android:textSize="17sp" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/tv_discovery" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_weight="1" android:gravity="right|center" android:textColor="#ff000000" android:textSize="17sp" /> </LinearLayout> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="40dp" android:orientation="horizontal"> <TextView android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_weight="4" android:gravity="center" android:text="名称" android:textColor="#ff000000" android:textSize="17sp" /> <TextView android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_weight="5" android:gravity="center" android:text="地址" android:textColor="#ff000000" android:textSize="17sp" /> <TextView android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_weight="2" android:gravity="center" android:text="状态" android:textColor="#ff000000" android:textSize="17sp" /> </LinearLayout> <ListView android:id="@+id/lv_bluetooth" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" /></LinearLayout>- BluetoothActivity.java逻辑代码如下：
package com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest;import java.io.IOException;import java.lang.reflect.Method;import java.util.ArrayList;import android.app.AlertDialog;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothSocket;import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;import android.content.Context;import android.content.Intent;import android.content.IntentFilter;import android.content.pm.PackageManager;import android.os.AsyncTask;import android.os.Bundle;import android.os.Handler;import android.os.Message;import android.support.annotation.NonNull;import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;import android.util.Log;import android.view.View;import android.view.View.OnClickListener;import android.widget.AdapterView;import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;import android.widget.CheckBox;import android.widget.CompoundButton;import android.widget.ListView;import android.widget.CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener;import android.widget.TextView;import android.widget.Toast;import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.adapter.BlueListAdapter;import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.bean.BlueDevice;import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.task.BlueAcceptTask;import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.task.BlueConnectTask;import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.task.BlueReceiveTask;import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.util.BluetoothUtil;import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.widget.InputDialogFragment;public class BluetoothActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements OnClickListener, OnItemClickListener, OnCheckedChangeListener, BlueConnectTask.BlueConnectListener, InputDialogFragment.InputCallbacks, BlueAcceptTask.BlueAcceptListener { private static final String TAG = "BluetoothActivity"; private CheckBox ck_bluetooth; private TextView tv_discovery; private ListView lv_bluetooth; private BluetoothAdapter mBluetooth; private ArrayList<BlueDevice> mDeviceList = new ArrayList<BlueDevice>(); @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_bluetooth); bluetoothPermissions(); ck_bluetooth = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.ck_bluetooth); tv_discovery = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_discovery); lv_bluetooth = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv_bluetooth); if (BluetoothUtil.getBlueToothStatus(this) == true) { ck_bluetooth.setChecked(true); } ck_bluetooth.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this); tv_discovery.setOnClickListener(this); mBluetooth = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); if (mBluetooth == null) { Toast.makeText(this, "本机未找到蓝牙功能", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); finish(); } } // 定义获取基于地理位置的动态权限 private void bluetoothPermissions() { if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{ android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION}, 1); } } /** * 重写onRequestPermissionsResult方法 * 获取动态权限请求的结果,再开启蓝牙 */ @Override public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) { if (requestCode == 1 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { if (BluetoothUtil.getBlueToothStatus(this) == true) { ck_bluetooth.setChecked(true); } ck_bluetooth.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this); tv_discovery.setOnClickListener(this); mBluetooth = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); if (mBluetooth == null) { Toast.makeText(this, "本机未找到蓝牙功能", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); finish(); } } else { Toast.makeText(this, "用户拒绝了权限", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults); } @Override public void onCheckedChanged(CompoundButton buttonView, boolean isChecked) { if (buttonView.getId() == R.id.ck_bluetooth) { if (isChecked == true) { beginDiscovery(); Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE); startActivityForResult(intent, 1); // 下面这行代码为服务端需要，客户端不需要 mHandler.postDelayed(mAccept, 1000); } else { cancelDiscovery(); BluetoothUtil.setBlueToothStatus(this, false); mDeviceList.clear(); BlueListAdapter adapter = new BlueListAdapter(this, mDeviceList); lv_bluetooth.setAdapter(adapter); } } } private Runnable mAccept = new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { if (mBluetooth.getState() == BluetoothAdapter.STATE_ON) { BlueAcceptTask acceptTask = new BlueAcceptTask(true); acceptTask.setBlueAcceptListener(BluetoothActivity.this); acceptTask.executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR); } else { mHandler.postDelayed(this, 1000); } } }; @Override public void onClick(View v) { if (v.getId() == R.id.tv_discovery) { beginDiscovery(); } } @Override protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent intent) { super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, intent); if (requestCode == 1) { if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) { Toast.makeText(this, "允许本地蓝牙被附近的其它蓝牙设备发现", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } else if (resultCode == RESULT_CANCELED) { Toast.makeText(this, "不允许蓝牙被附近的其它蓝牙设备发现", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } } private Runnable mRefresh = new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { beginDiscovery(); mHandler.postDelayed(this, 2000); } }; private void beginDiscovery() { if (mBluetooth.isDiscovering() != true) { mDeviceList.clear(); BlueListAdapter adapter = new BlueListAdapter(BluetoothActivity.this, mDeviceList); lv_bluetooth.setAdapter(adapter); tv_discovery.setText("正在搜索蓝牙设备"); mBluetooth.startDiscovery(); } } private void cancelDiscovery() { mHandler.removeCallbacks(mRefresh); tv_discovery.setText("取消搜索蓝牙设备"); if (mBluetooth.isDiscovering() == true) { mBluetooth.cancelDiscovery(); } } @Override protected void onStart() { super.onStart(); mHandler.postDelayed(mRefresh, 50); blueReceiver = new BluetoothReceiver(); //需要过滤多个动作，则调用IntentFilter对象的addAction添加新动作 IntentFilter foundFilter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND); foundFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED); foundFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED); registerReceiver(blueReceiver, foundFilter); } @Override protected void onStop() { super.onStop(); cancelDiscovery(); unregisterReceiver(blueReceiver); } private BluetoothReceiver blueReceiver; private class BluetoothReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { String action = intent.getAction(); Log.d(TAG, "onReceive action=" + action); // 获得已经搜索到的蓝牙设备 if (action.equals(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND)) { BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); BlueDevice item = new BlueDevice(device.getName(), device.getAddress(), device.getBondState() - 10); mDeviceList.add(item); BlueListAdapter adapter = new BlueListAdapter(BluetoothActivity.this, mDeviceList); lv_bluetooth.setAdapter(adapter); lv_bluetooth.setOnItemClickListener(BluetoothActivity.this); } else if (action.equals(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED)) { mHandler.removeCallbacks(mRefresh); tv_discovery.setText("蓝牙设备搜索完成"); } else if (action.equals(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED)) { BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDING) { tv_discovery.setText("正在配对" + device.getName()); } else if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) { tv_discovery.setText("完成配对" + device.getName()); mHandler.postDelayed(mRefresh, 50); } else if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE) { tv_discovery.setText("取消配对" + device.getName()); } } } } @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) { cancelDiscovery(); BlueDevice item = mDeviceList.get(position); BluetoothDevice device = mBluetooth.getRemoteDevice(item.address); try { if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE) { Method createBondMethod = BluetoothDevice.class.getMethod("createBond"); Log.d(TAG, "开始配对"); Boolean result = (Boolean) createBondMethod.invoke(device); } else if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED && item.state != BlueListAdapter.CONNECTED) { tv_discovery.setText("开始连接"); BlueConnectTask connectTask = new BlueConnectTask(item.address); connectTask.setBlueConnectListener(this); connectTask.executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR, device); } else if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED && item.state == BlueListAdapter.CONNECTED) { tv_discovery.setText("正在发送消息"); InputDialogFragment dialog = InputDialogFragment.newInstance( "", 0, "请输入要发送的消息"); String fragTag = getResources().getString(R.string.app_name); dialog.show(getFragmentManager(), fragTag); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); tv_discovery.setText("配对异常：" + e.getMessage()); } } //向对方发送消息 @Override public void onInput(String title, String message, int type) { Log.d(TAG, "onInput message=" + message); Log.d(TAG, "mBlueSocket is " + (mBlueSocket == null ? "null" : "not null")); BluetoothUtil.writeOutputStream(mBlueSocket, message); } private BluetoothSocket mBlueSocket; //客户端主动连接 @Override public void onBlueConnect(String address, BluetoothSocket socket) { mBlueSocket = socket; tv_discovery.setText("连接成功"); refreshAddress(address); } //刷新已连接的状态 private void refreshAddress(String address) { for (int i = 0; i < mDeviceList.size(); i++) { BlueDevice item = mDeviceList.get(i); if (item.address.equals(address) == true) { item.state = BlueListAdapter.CONNECTED; mDeviceList.set(i, item); } } BlueListAdapter adapter = new BlueListAdapter(this, mDeviceList); lv_bluetooth.setAdapter(adapter); } //服务端侦听到连接 @Override public void onBlueAccept(BluetoothSocket socket) { Log.d(TAG, "onBlueAccept socket is " + (socket == null ? "null" : "not null")); if (socket != null) { mBlueSocket = socket; BluetoothDevice device = mBlueSocket.getRemoteDevice(); refreshAddress(device.getAddress()); BlueReceiveTask receive = new BlueReceiveTask(mBlueSocket, mHandler); receive.start(); } } //收到对方发来的消息 private Handler mHandler = new Handler() { @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { if (msg.what == 0) { byte[] readBuf = (byte[]) msg.obj; String readMessage = new String(readBuf, 0, msg.arg1); Log.d(TAG, "handleMessage readMessage=" + readMessage); AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(BluetoothActivity.this); builder.setTitle("我收到消息啦").setMessage(readMessage).setPositiveButton("确定", null); builder.create().show(); } } }; @Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); if (mBlueSocket != null) { try { mBlueSocket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }}- 添加蓝牙所需的相应权限：
<!-- 蓝牙 --> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" /> <!--基于地理位置--> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />Demo程序运行效果界面截图如下：
Demo程序源码下载地址一（GitHub）
Demo程序源码下载地址二（Gitee）
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