Ubuntu14.04下FTP服务器的安装配置（转载）

首先说明一下，我是在虚拟机中装的Ubuntu14.04，物理机是Win10，最初只是为了在两个系统间传输文件才在Ubuntu中安装了ftp服务器，从Windows端登陆其即可。最初也是按照网上的各种教程来配置，结果就是喜闻乐见的各种报错不能用，或者说无法登陆等等。这里，分享一下我自己的配置过程，按照步骤来就没有问题。

我对ftp服务器的需求是：

1. 不允许匿名访问，因为我不想其他机器随便都能登陆上来；
2. 锁定一个共享目录，在这个目录下我可以上传和下载文件，进行文件共享；
3. 不单独建立ftp用户，本机就可以访问；

好了，开始安装。

sudo apt-get install vsftpd 
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很快就可以安装完成。

接下来配置vsftpd.conf文件，位于etc目录下。

sudo gedit /etc/vsftpd.conf
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更改相应的配置：

1、我不希望别人匿名登陆：

2、锁定一个共享目录：（自己指定一个文件夹就可以，我用的是/home/xhb/ftp）

3、本机可以访问：

4、允许写操作：

5、不单独建立ftp用户，直接使用Ubuntu桌面用户就可以登陆：

这里有用到/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list这个文件，没有就新建立一个：

sudo gedit /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
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在文件中填入允许登陆的账号名。（我的桌面用户名是xhb，也可以添加其他用户名）

然后配置接OK了。

完整配置文件（/etc/vsftpd.conf）：

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf## The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.## READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's# capabilities.### Run standalone?  vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone# daemon started from an initscript.listen=YES## Run standalone with IPv6?# Like the listen parameter, except vsftpd will listen on an IPv6 socket# instead of an IPv4 one. This parameter and the listen parameter are mutually# exclusive.#listen_ipv6=YES## Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default)anonymous_enable=NO## Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.local_enable=YES## Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.write_enable=YES## Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)#local_umask=022## Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.#anon_upload_enable=YES## Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create# new directories.#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES## Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they# go into a certain directory.dirmessage_enable=YES## If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time# in  your  local  time  zone.  The default is to display GMT. The# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this# option.use_localtime=YES## Activate logging of uploads/downloads.xferlog_enable=YES## Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).connect_from_port_20=YES## If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not# recommended!#chown_uploads=YES#chown_username=whoever## You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown# below.#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log## If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.#xferlog_std_format=YES## You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.#idle_session_timeout=600## You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.#data_connection_timeout=120## It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.#nopriv_user=ftpsecure## Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,# however, may confuse older FTP clients.#async_abor_enable=YES## By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the# raw file.# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.#ascii_upload_enable=YES#ascii_download_enable=YES## You may fully customise the login banner string:#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.## You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.#deny_email_enable=YES# (default follows)#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails## You may restrict local users to their home directories.  See the FAQ for# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or# chroot_list_enable below.#chroot_local_user=YES## You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of# users to NOT chroot().# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the# chroot)#chroot_local_user=YESchroot_list_enable=YES# (default follows)chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list## You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.#ls_recurse_enable=YES## Customization## Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by# default.## This option should be the name of a directory which is empty.  Also, the# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem# access.secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty## This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.pam_service_name=vsftpd## This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL# encrypted connections.rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem# This option specifies the location of the RSA key to use for SSL# encrypted connections.rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key# xhb addedlocal_root=/home/xhb/ftp
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现在重启FTP，让之前的配置生效。

sudo service vsftpd restart
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到这里就OK了。登上去看看。
首先，查看IP地址。

我的本地IP地址是192.168.139.135。
在Windows资源管理器中输入：ftp://（你的IP地址）

输入账户名和密码后即可登录了。

登录的路径就是设为共享文件夹的那个路径。

备注：
如果出现无法登录的情况，原因可能是这样：
之前在配置时，我们做了如下配置来指定允许登陆的用户：

提出来看看：

chroot_list_enable=YES chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
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配合使用，使得只有在vsftpd.chroot_list中配置的用户才能登录FTP。
然而vsftpd.chroot_list中配置的用户，对于local_list指定的目录不允许有些的权限。
所以对于共享目录不能有写的权限，如果有我们必须把它去掉。

查看ftp目录的权限。

ls -l
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去掉写权限。

chmod u-w,g-w ftpls -l
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从显示信息的最前面可以看到，ftp的写权限已经去掉了。接下来就可以正常登陆了。