Mysql双机热备搭建

一、CentOS 6.5下源码编译安装MySQL 5.7.9

1.安装依赖包
# yum -y install gcc-c++ ncurses-devel cmake make perl gcc autoconf automake zlib libxml libgcrypt libtool bison

2. 清理环境
检查boost版本：

# rpm -qa boost*
卸载boost-*等库：

# yum -y remove boost-*

3. mysql源码包下载（不详述）
4.创建mysql用户，组及目录
# groupadd mysql
# mkdir /home/mysql
# mkdir /home/mysql/data
# useradd -r -g mysql mysql 

5.注意事项
从MySQL 5.7.5开始Boost库是必需的，下载Boost库，在解压后复制到/usr/local/boost目录下，然后重新cmake并在后面的选项中加上选项-DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost 
（下载：http://sourceforge.net/projects/boost/files/boost/）

需求boost1.57.0

wget -c http://liquidtelecom.dl.sourceforge.net/project/boost/boost/1.57.0/boost_1_57_0.tar.gz
6. 新版本的mysq用cmake编译安装
解压mysql源码包mysql-5.7.9.tar

# tar -xzvf mysql-5.7.9.tar

以下操作在解压后的源码包的根目录执行

cmake编译

# cmake-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/home/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/home/mysql/data-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DMYSQL_USER=mysql -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1-DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost
常用参数：

CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX：指定MySQL程序的安装目录，默认/usr/local/mysql
DEFAULT_CHARSET：指定服务器默认字符集，默认latin1
DEFAULT_COLLATION：指定服务器默认的校对规则，默认latin1_general_ci
ENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE：指定是否允许本地执行LOADDATA INFILE，默认OFF
WITH_COMMENT：指定编译备注信息
WITH_xxx_STORAGE_ENGINE：指定静态编译到mysql的存储引擎，MyISAM，MERGE，MEMBER以及CSV四种引擎默认即被编译至服务器，不需要特别指定。
WITHOUT_xxx_STORAGE_ENGINE：指定不编译的存储引擎
SYSCONFDIR：初始化参数文件目录
MYSQL_DATADIR：数据文件目录
MYSQL_TCP_PORT：服务端口号，默认3306
MYSQL_UNIX_ADDR：socket文件路径，默认/tmp/mysql.sock
编译安装

# make && makeinstall
出错后重新运行配置，需要删除CMakeCache.txt文件

# make clean 
# rm -f CMakeCache.txt 
7. 设置权限并初始化MySQL系统授权表
设置权限

# cd /home/mysql
# chown -R mysql.mysql  mysql/
以root初始化操作时要加–user=mysql参数，生成一个随机密码（注意保存登录时用）

# cd /home/mysql
# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/home/mysql--datadir=/home/mysql/data
8. 创建配置文件
将默认生成的my.cnf备份

# mv /etc/my.cnf/etc/my.cnf.bak
进入mysql的安装目录支持文件目录

# cd/home/mysql/support-files
拷贝配置文件模板为新的mysql配置文件,

# cp my-default.cnf/etc/my.cnf
可按需修改新的配置文件选项，不修改配置选项，mysql则按默认配置参数运行. 
如下是我修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf，用于设置编码为utf8以防乱码

[mysqld]

character_set_server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'

[client]
default-character-set=utf8
9. 配置mysql服务开机自动启动
拷贝启动文件到/etc/init.d/下并重命令为mysqld

# cp/home/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
增加执行权限

# chmod 755/etc/init.d/mysqld
检查自启动项列表中没有mysqld这个，如果没有就添加mysqld：

# chkconfig --listmysqld
# chkconfig --add mysqld

用这个命令设置开机启动：

# chkconfig mysqld on

Vim .bashrc

最后插入两行如下

PATH=/home/mysql/bin:/home/mysql/lib:$PATH

export PATH
10. mysql服务的启动/重启/停止
启动mysql服务

# service mysqld start
重启mysql服务

# service mysqld restart
停止mysql服务

# service mysqld stop
11. 访问mysql数据库
连接mysql，输入初始化生成的随机密码

# mysql -uroot -p
修改root新密码如 123456

mysql> alter user'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
mysql> quit; 
mysql> exit;(与上等效，都是退出mysql连接)
使用新密码重新连接mysql

# mysql-uroot -p

授权所有用户可以登录

 grant allprivileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by '123456' with grant option;

 mysql> flush privileges;

二、主主互为同步设置

2.1 添加mysql主机器配置文件my.cnf如下

log-bin=mysql-bin

binlog_format=mixed

server-id=1

relay-log=mysql-relay-bin

log-slave-updates=ON

read-only=0

auto-increment-increment=2

auto-increment-offset=1

备机器上修改

server-id=1

auto-increment-offset=1

这两个都改成 2

Mysql调优参数如下

max_connections=1500

max_connect_errors=100000

innodb_buffer_pool_size=800M

innodb_thread_concurrency=128

binlog_cache_size=64M

max_binlog_cache_size=4096M

max_binlog_size=512M

innodb_log_file_size =256M

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1

innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT

max_heap_table_size=64M

interactive_timeout=3600

wait_timeout=3600

lower_case_table_names=1

innodb_lock_wait_timeout=100

back_log=500

 

增大同步线程为100个

slave-parallel-type=LOGICAL_CLOCK

slave-parallel-workers=100

master_info_repository=TABLE

relay_log_info_repository=TABLE

relay_log_recovery=ON

 

2.2 在主服务器上为从服务器分配一个账号，就像一把钥匙，从服务器拿着这个钥匙，才能到主服务器上来共享主服务器的日志文件。

mysql> create user admin identified by'admin';

mysql> grant all on *.* to admin@'%'identified by 'admin';

进入主服务器的mysql界面，

命令： # mysql -u root -p 123456    //我这里mysql账号是root，密码是123456

在mysql操作界面下，输入下面一行命令：

GRANT replication slave ON *.* TO 'admin'@'主机器ip' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin'; 

 

CHANGE MASTER TO

MASTER_HOST='192.168.10.26', 

MASTER_USER='sync',

MASTER_PASSWORD='sync',

MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002',

MASTER_LOG_POS=1146;

2.2 的步骤在备机上同样操作

参数解释：MASTER_HOST  :  设置要连接的主服务器的ip地址

  MASTER_USER  :  设置要连接的主服务器的用户名

  MASTER_PASSWORD  :  设置要连接的主服务器的密码

   MASTER_LOG_FILE :  设置要连接的主服务器的bin日志的日志名称，即第3步得到的信息

   MASTER_LOG_POS :  设置要连接的主服务器的bin日志的记录位置，即第3步得到的信息，（这里注意，最后一项不需要加引号。否则配置失败）

先在从服务器配置完成，启动从服务器：

命令： start slave;

5.查看是否配置成功：

命令： show slave status\G;

上面两项均为yes，说明配置成功，否则，请重复前面的步骤。

三、安装keepalived

1、yum install -ylibnl libnl-devel libnfnetlink-devel openssl-devel

2、cd /usr/local/src/

wgethttp://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.21.tar.gz

3、tar -zxvfkeepalived-1.2.21.tar.gz

  cd keepalived-1.2.21

  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived

make && make install

 mkdir/etc/keepalived

  cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf/etc/keepalived/

  cp/usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/

  ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived/sbin/

  cp/usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/

4、得到如下配置

  [root@master ~]# find / -name keepalived

/etc/sysconfig/keepalived

/etc/keepalived

/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived

/sbin/keepalived

/usr/local/keepalived

/usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived

/usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived

/usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived

/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived

/usr/local/src/keepalived-1.2.21/keepalived

/usr/local/src/keepalived-1.2.21/keepalived/etc/keepalived

/usr/local/src/keepalived-1.2.21/bin/keepalived

/var/lock/subsys/keepalived

  [root@master ~]# find / -name keepalived.conf

/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

/usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

/usr/local/src/keepalived-1.2.21/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

5、配置配置文件如下：

  [root@master ~]# cat/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

! Configuration File for keepalived

 

global_defs {

      notification_email {

        [e-mail]

        [e-mail]

        [e-mail]

      }

      notification_email_from [e-mail]

      smtp_server 192.168.200.1

      smtp_connect_timeout 30

      router_id LVS_DEVEL

      vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr

      vrrp_strict

      vrrp_garp_interval 0

      vrrp_gna_interval 0

}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

   state BACKUP

   interface eth0

   virtual_router_id 51    #id和备机都要统一

   priority 100                #备机设置为90要小于100

advert_int 1

nopreempt           #不抢占模式

   authentication {

       auth_type PASS

       auth_pass 1111

   }

   virtual_ipaddress {

       10.7.8.72/24 dev eth0     #设置vip

   }

}

 

virtual_server 10.7.8.72 3306 {     

   delay_loop 2

   lb_algo wrr

   lb_kinf DR

   persistence_timeout 50

   protocol TCP

 

   real_server 10.7.8.70 3306 {          #主机器ip地址和端口

       weight 1

       notify_down /etc/keepalived/mysql.sh

       TCP_CHECK {

       connect_timeout 10

       bingto 10.7.8.72

       nb_get_retry 3

       delay_before_retry 3

       connect_port 3306

       }

   }

}

备master配置如下：

[root@slave ~]# cat/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

! Configuration File for keepalived

 

global_defs {

  notification_email {

    [e-mail]

    [e-mail]

    [e-mail]

  }

  notification_email_from [e-mail]

  smtp_server 192.168.200.1

  smtp_connect_timeout 30

  router_id LVS_DEVEL

  vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr

  vrrp_strict

  vrrp_garp_interval 0

  vrrp_gna_interval 0

}

 

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

   state BACKUP

   interface eth0

   virtual_router_id 51

   priority 90

   advert_int 1

   authentication {

       auth_type PASS

       auth_pass 1111

   }

   virtual_ipaddress {

       10.7.8.72/24 dev eth0

   }

}

 

virtual_server 10.7.8.72 3306 {

   delay_loop 2

   lb_algo wrr

   lb_kinf DR

   persistence_timeout 50

   protocol TCP

 

   real_server 10.7.8.71 3306 {

       weight 1

       notify_down /etc/keepalived/mysql.sh

       TCP_CHECK {

       connect_timeout 10

       bingto 10.7.8.72

       nb_get_retry 3

       delay_before_retry 3

       connect_port 3306

       }

   }

}

6、keepalived检测脚本，当其中一台MySQL服务出现故障down掉时，实现自动切换到正常的MySQL服务器继续提供服务

[root@master ~]# cat/etc/keepalived/mysql.sh

 

#!/bin/bash

/etc/init.d/keepalived stop

 

7、授权VIP的root用户权限

 授权远程主机可以通过VIP登录MySQL，并测试数据复制功能

  grant all on *.*to root@'master2ip' identified by '123456';

  mysql> flush privileges;

  备机器同样操作一遍

8、测试keepalived高可用功能

  远程主机登录通过VIP192.168.1.208登录MySQL，查看MySQL连接状态

  mysql> show variables like 'hostname';

+---------------+--------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+---------------+--------+

| hostname     | master |

+---------------+--------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

故障测试，停止master的MySQL服务，再次查看是否转移至slave服务器上