Django 之 ORM 一对多、多对多 及 ajax 操作

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一对多

数据库中一对多关系是最普通的一种关系。在这种关系中,A 表中的一行可以匹配 B 表中的多行,但是 B 表中的一行只能匹配 A 表中的一行。

如:部门表UserGroup 和 员工表Userinfo 之间具有一对多关系,一个部门可以有很多员工,一个员工仅属于一个部门。(这里仅举例便于理解,实际情况可能不是这样)

创建一对多关系表需要用到外键约束:ForeignKey("PrimaryTable",to_filed='xxx')

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from django.db import models# Create your models here.class UserGroup(model s.Model):    uid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)  #自定义自增列,必须声明primary_key=True    caption = models.CharField(max_length=32,unique=True)class UserInfo(models.Model):     username = models.CharField(max_length=32,blank=True,verbose_name='用户名')         password = models.CharField(max_length=60, help_text='pwd')      email = models.CharField(max_length=60)    user_group = models.ForeignKey("UserGroup",to_field='uid',default=1)     # default=1 表示默认属于哪个部门,django在数据库中将user_group存取字段为user_group_id,实际上user_group为UserGroup的对象封装了(uid,caption,ctime,uptime)
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from app01 import modelsdef orm(request):    models.UserInfo.objects.create(    username='root1',    password='123',    email="xxx.@qq.com",    user_group = models.UserGroup.objects.filter(id=1).first() # 或 user_group_id = 1 (推荐)     )    user_list = Userinfo.objects.all()    for row in user_list:         print(row.user_group) #这里 user_group代指 UserGroup 对象        print(row.user_group.id)  # 等同于 print(row.user_group_uid)        print(row.user_group.caption)
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示例:用户管理

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from django.conf.urls import url,includefrom django.contrib import adminfrom app01 import viewsurlpatterns = [    url(r'^login/', views.login),    url(r'^index/', views.index),    url(r'^user_info/', views.user_info),    url(r'^userdetail-(?P<nid>\d+)/', views.user_detail),    url(r'^userdel-(?P<nid>\d+)/', views.user_del),    url(r'^useredit-(?P<nid>\d+)/', views.user_edit),]
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from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirectdef login(request):    models.UserGroup.objects.create(caption='DBA')    if request.method == "GET":        return render(request, 'login.html')    elif request.method == "POST":        # 数据库中执行 select * from user where usernam='x' and password='x'        u = request.POST.get('user')        p = request.POST.get('pwd')        # count = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=u, password=p).count()        obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=u, password=p).first()           if obj:                return redirect('/cmdb/index/')        else:            return render(request, 'login.html')    else:         # PUT,DELETE,HEAD,OPTION...        return redirect('/index/')def index(request):     return render(request, 'index.html')def user_info(request):    if request.method == "GET":        user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all()  # print(user_list.query)        group_list = models.UserGroup.objects.all()        return render(request, 'user_info.html', {'user_list': user_list, "group_list": group_list})    elif request.method == 'POST':        u = request.POST.get('user')        p = request.POST.get('pwd')        models.UserInfo.objects.create(username=u,password=p)        return redirect('/cmdb/user_info/')def user_detail(request, nid):    obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).first()    # models.UserInfo.objects.get(id=nid)  # 取单条数据,但如果不存在则报错    return render(request, 'user_detail.html', {'obj': obj})def user_del(request, nid):    models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()    return redirect('/cmdb/user_info/')def user_edit(request, nid):    if request.method == "GET":        obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).first()        return render(request, 'user_edit.html',{'obj': obj})    elif request.method == "POST":        nid = request.POST.get('id')        u = request.POST.get('username')        p = request.POST.get('password')        models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).update(username=u,password=p)        return redirect('/cmdb/user_info/')
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>    <meta charset="UTF-8">    <title>Title</title>    <style>        body{            margin: 0;        }        .menu{            display: block;            padding: 5px;        }    </style></head><body>    <div style="height: 48px;background-color: black;color: white">        Deployment    </div>    <div>        <div style="position: absolute;top:48px;bottom: 0;left: 0;width: 200px;background-color: brown;">            <a class="menu" href="/cmdb/user_info/">用户管理</a>            <a class="menu" href="/cmdb/user_group/">用户组管理</a>        </div>        <div style="position:absolute;top:48px;left: 210px;bottom: 0;right: 0;overflow: auto">        </div>    </div></body></html>
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>    <meta charset="UTF-8">    <title>Title</title>    <style>        body{            margin: 0;        }        .menu{            display: block;            padding: 5px;        }    </style></head><body>    <div style="height: 48px;background-color: black;color: white">        Deployment    </div>    <div>        <div style="position: absolute;top:48px;bottom: 0;left: 0;width: 200px;background-color: brown;">            <a class="menu" href="/cmdb/user_info/">用户管理</a>            <a class="menu" href="/cmdb/user_group/">用户组管理</a>        </div>        <div style="position:absolute;top:48px;left: 210px;bottom: 0;right: 0;overflow: auto">            <h3>添加用户</h3>            <form method="POST" action="/cmdb/user_info/">                <input type="text" name="user" />                <input type="text" name="pwd" />                <select name="group_id">                    {% for item in group_list %}                        <option value="{{ item.uid }}">{{ item.caption }}</option>                    {% endfor %}                </select>                  <input type="submit" value="添加"/>            </form>            <h3>用户列表</h3>            <ul>                {% for row in user_list %}                    <li>                        <a href="/cmdb/userdetail-{{ row.id }}/">{{ row.username }}</a>                         <span> {{ row.user_group.caption }} </span>                        <a href="/cmdb/userdel-{{ row.id }}/">删除</a> |                        <a href="/cmdb/useredit-{{ row.id }}/">编辑</a>                    </li>                {% endfor %}            </ul>        </div>    </div></body></html>
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>    <meta charset="UTF-8">    <title>Title</title>    <style>        body{            margin: 0;        }        .menu{            display: block;            padding: 5px;        }    </style></head><body>    <div style="height: 48px;background-color: black;color: white">        Deployment    </div>    <div>        <div style="position: absolute;top:48px;bottom: 0;left: 0;width: 200px;background-color: brown;">            <a class="menu" href="/cmdb/user_info/">用户管理</a>            <a class="menu" href="/cmdb/user_group/">用户组管理</a>        </div>        <div style="position:absolute;top:48px;left: 210px;bottom: 0;right: 0;overflow: auto">            <h1>用户详细信息</h1>            <h5>{{ obj.id }}</h5>            <h5>{{ obj.name }}</h5>            <h5>{{ obj.password }}</h5>        </div>    </div></body></html>
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>    <meta charset="UTF-8">    <title>Title</title>    <style>        body{            margin: 0;        }        .menu{            display: block;            padding: 5px;        }    </style></head><body>    <div style="height: 48px;background-color: black;color: white">        Deployment    </div>    <div>        <div style="position: absolute;top:48px;bottom: 0;left: 0;width: 200px;background-color: brown;">            <a class="menu" href="/cmdb/user_info/">用户管理</a>            <a class="menu" href="/cmdb/user_group/">用户组管理</a>        </div>        <div style="position:absolute;top:48px;left: 210px;bottom: 0;right: 0;overflow: auto">            <h1>编辑用户</h1>            <form method="post" action="/cmdb/useredit-{{ obj.id }}/">                <input style="display: none" type="text" name="id" value="{{ obj.id }}" />                <input type="text" name="username" value="{{ obj.username }}" />                <input type="text" name="password" value="{{ obj.password }}"/>                <input type="submit" value="提交" />            </form>        </div>    </div></body></html>
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一对多表 获取数据的三种方式

  • models.表类名.objects.all()    #  QuerySet类型  
  • models.表类名.objects.all().values('f1','f2')        # 取固定列的值,此时 QuerySet内部元素变成字典
  • models.表类名.objects.all().values_list('f1','f2')     # # 取固定列的值, 此时 QuerySet 内部元素变成元组

示例:业务线|主机列表

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#=== models.py ===from django.db import modelsclass Foo(models.Model):    name = models.CharField(max_length=1)class Business(models.Model):    # id    caption = models.CharField(max_length=32)    code = models.CharField(max_length=32,null=True,default="SA")    fk = models.ForeignKey('Foo')class Host(models.Model):    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)    hostname = models.CharField(max_length=32,db_index=True)    ip = models.GenericIPAddressField(protocol="ipv4",db_index=True)     port = models.IntegerField()    b = models.ForeignKey(to="Business", to_field='id')
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#=== views.py ===from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirectfrom app01 import modelsdef business(request):    # 获取数据的三种方式    v1 = models.Business.objects.all()  # QuerySet类型 <QuerySet [<Business: Business object>,<Business: Business object>,<Business: Business object>]>    v2 = models.Business.objects.all().values('id','caption') # 取固定列的值,此时 QuerySet内部元素变成字典 [{'id':1,'caption': '运维部'},...]    v3 = models.Business.objects.all().values_list('id','caption')  # 取固定列的值, 此时 QuerySet 内部元素变成元组 [(1,运维部),(2,开发部)]    return render(request, 'business.html', {'v1': v1,'v2': v2, 'v3': v3})def host(request):    v1 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0)    for row in v1:        print(row.nid,row.hostname,row.ip,row.port,row.b_id,row.b.caption,row.b.code,row.b.id,sep='\t')        print(row.b.fk.name) # 使用"."进行跨表操作    return HttpResponse("Host")      v2 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values('nid','hostname','b_id','b__caption')  # 传参时只能用"__"跨表操作     print(v2)     for row in v2:        print(row['nid'],row['hostname'],row['b_id'],row['b__caption'])        v3 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values_list('nid','hostname','b_id','b__caption')    print(v3)    for row in v3:        print(row[0],row[1],row[2],row[3])        return render(request, 'host.html', {'v1': v1,'v2': v2,'v3': v3})

=== business.html ===

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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>    <meta charset="UTF-8">    <title></title></head><body>    <h1>业务线列表(对象)</h1>    <ul>        {% for row in v1 %}            <li>{{ row.id }} - {{ row.caption }} - {{ row.code }}</li>        {% endfor %}    </ul>    <h1>业务线列表(字典)</h1>    <ul>        {% for row in v2 %}            <li>{{ row.id }} - {{ row.caption }}</li>        {% endfor %}    </ul>    <h1>业务线列表(元组)</h1>    <ul>         {% for row in v3 %}            <li>{{ row.0 }} - {{ row.1 }}</li>        {% endfor %}    </ul></body></html>
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=== host.html === 

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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>    <meta charset="UTF-8">    <title></title></head><body>    <h1>主机列表(对象)</h1>    <table border="1">         <thead>            <tr>                <th>序号</th>                <th>主机名</th>                <th>IP</th>                <th>端口</th>                <th>业务线名称</th>                <th>操作</th>            </tr>        </thead>        <tbody>                {% for row in v1 %}                    <tr hid="{{ row.nid }}" bid="{{ row.b_id }}">                        <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>  <!-- 计数器 counter,counter0,revcounter,revcounter0,first,last, parentcounter -->                        <td>{{ row.hostname }}</td>                        <td>{{ row.ip }}</td>                        <td>{{ row.port }}</td>                        <td>{{ row.b.caption }}</td>                    </tr>                {% endfor %}        </tbody>    </table>    <h1>主机列表(字典)</h1>    <table border="1">        <thead>            <tr>                <th>主机名</th>                <th>业务线名称</th>            </tr>        </thead>        <tbody>            {% for row in v2 %}                <tr hid="{{ row.nid }}" bid="{{ row.b_id }}">                    <td>{{ row.hostname }}</td>                    <td>{{ row.b__caption }}</td>                </tr>            {% endfor %}        </tbody>    </table>    <h1>主机列表(元组)</h1>    <table border="1">        <thead>            <tr>                <th>主机名</th>                <th>业务线名称</th>            </tr>        </thead>        <tbody>            {% for row in v3 %}                <tr hid="{{ row.0 }}" bid="{{ row.2 }}">                    <td>{{ row.1 }}</td>                    <td>{{ row.3 }}</td>                </tr>            {% endfor %}        </tbody>    </table></body></html>
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Ajax 提交数据

Ajax : Asynchronous JavaScript and XML,意思就是用JavaScript执行异步网络请求。

基于action的 Form表单提交基本流程:  提交 > url 路由 > 函数或类中的方法 进行逻辑处理 > 返回字符串(本质)> 用户

HttpResponse('xxx')  # 返回字符串
render(request,'index.html')   # open 函数打开html文件,进行渲染得到字符串
redirect('/index/')   # 当接受到redirect时,自动发起另外一个请求 

基于action的 Form表单,一旦用户点击“Submit”按钮,表单开始提交,浏览器就会刷新页面。

如果要让用户留在当前页面中,同时发出新的HTTP请求,就必须用JavaScript发送这个新请求,接收到数据后,再用JavaScript更新页面。注意:AJAX请求是异步执行的,要通过回调函数获得响应。

Ajax提交数据基本流程:提交 > url 路由 > 函数或类中的方法 进行逻辑处理 > 返回字符串 > 执行回调函数 > 用户

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$.ajax({    url: '/index/',    data: {'k1': 'v1', 'k2': [1,2,3,4], 'k3': JSON.stringfy({'k1': 'v'}))},   # 或 $(form对象).serilize()     type: 'POST',    dataType: 'JSON':    traditional: true,    success:function(d){        location.reload()      # 刷新        location.href = "http://xxx"   # 跳转    }})

变种:
内部都调用 $.ajax
$.get(url="xxx",data={},success="")
$.getJson 
$.post
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示例:添加 | 编辑主机

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#=== views.py ===from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirectfrom app01 import modelsimport json# 基于action提交Form表单数据的处理def host(request):    if request.method == "GET":         v1 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0)        v2 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values('nid','hostname','b_id','b__caption')        v3 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values_list('nid','hostname','b_id','b__caption')        b_list = models.Business.objects.all()        return render(request, 'host.html', {'v1': v1,'v2': v2,'v3': v3,'b_list':b_list})    elif request.method == "POST":        h = request.POST.get('hostname')        i = request.POST.get('ip')        p = request.POST.get('port')        b = request.POST.get('b_id')        models.Host.objects.create(hostname=h,ip=i,port=p,b_id=b)         # models.Host.objects.create(hostname=h,ip=i,port=p,b=models.Business.objects.get(id=b))        return redirect('/host')  # return render(request,'host.html') 注意不能这样写,数据插入成功但页面并不能显示 # 基于ajax提交的表单数据处理def ajax(request):    ret = {'status': True, 'error': None, 'data': None}  #  建议:永远让服务器端返回一个字典    try:        h = request.POST.get('hostname')         i = request.POST.get('ip')        p = request.POST.get('port')        b = request.POST.get('b_id')        if h and len(h) > 5:            models.Host.objects.create(hostname=h,ip=i,port=p,b_id=b)         else:            ret['status'] = False            ret['error'] = "not long enough"    except Exception as e:        ret['status'] = False        ret['error'] = 'Quest err'    return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))  # 注意使用 HttpResponse 返回字符串,需要将字典序列化
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=== host.html === 

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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">    <title></title>    <style>        .hide{            display: none;        }        .shade{            position: fixed;            top: 0;            right: 0;            left: 0;            bottom: 0;            background: black;            opacity: 0.6;            z-index: 100;        }        .add-modal,.edit-modal{            position: fixed;            height: 300px;            width: 400px;            top:100px;            left: 50%;            z-index: 101;            border: 1px solid red;            background: white;            margin-left: -200px;        }    </style></head><body>    <h1>主机列表(对象)</h1>    <div>        <input id="add_host" type="button" value="添加" />     </div>    <table border="1">         <thead>            <tr>                <th>序号</th>                <th>主机名</th>                <th>IP</th>                <th>端口</th>                <th>业务线名称</th>                <th>操作</th>            </tr>        </thead>        <tbody>                {% for row in v1 %}                    <tr hid="{{ row.nid }}" bid="{{ row.b_id }}">                        <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>  <!-- 计数器 counter,counter0,revcounter,revcounter0,first,last, parentcounter -->                        <td>{{ row.hostname }}</td>                        <td>{{ row.ip }}</td>                        <td>{{ row.port }}</td>                        <td>{{ row.b.caption }}</td>                        <td>                            <a class="edit">编辑</a>|<a class="delete">删除</a>                        </td>                    </tr>                {% endfor %}        </tbody>    </table>    <h1>主机列表(字典)</h1>    <table border="1">        <thead>            <tr>                <th>主机名</th>                <th>业务线名称</th>            </tr>        </thead>        <tbody>            {% for row in v2 %}                <tr hid="{{ row.nid }}" bid="{{ row.b_id }}">                    <td>{{ row.hostname }}</td>                    <td>{{ row.b__caption }}</td>                </tr>            {% endfor %}        </tbody>    </table>    <h1>主机列表(元组)</h1>    <table border="1">        <thead>            <tr>                <th>主机名</th>                <th>业务线名称</th>            </tr>        </thead>        <tbody>            {% for row in v3 %}                <tr hid="{{ row.0 }}" bid="{{ row.2 }}">                    <td>{{ row.1 }}</td>                    <td>{{ row.3 }}</td>                </tr>            {% endfor %}        </tbody>    </table>    <div class="shade hide"></div>    <div class="add-modal hide">        <form id="add_form" method="POST" action="/host">            <div class="group">                <input id="host" type="text" placeholder="主机名" name="hostname" />            </div>            <div class="group">                <input id="ip" type="text" placeholder="IP" name="ip" />            </div>            <div class="group">                <input id="port" type="text" placeholder="端口" name="port" />            </div>            <div class="group">                <select id="sel" name="b_id">                    {% for op in b_list %}                    <option value="{{ op.id }}">{{ op.caption }}</option>                    {% endfor %}                </select>            </div>            <input type="submit" value="提交" />            <a id="ajax_submit" > Ajax </a>            <input id="cancel" type="button" value="取消" />            <span id="erro_msg" style="color: red"></span>        </form>    </div>    <script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script>    <script>        $(function(){        // 基于action的 Form表单提交,提交后刷新页面            $('#add_host').click(function(){                $('.shade,.add-modal').removeClass('hide');            });       // 使用Ajax 提交数据,根据服务器端返回的数据做逻辑判断            $('#ajax_submit').click(function(){                $.ajax({                    url: "/ajax",                    type: 'POST',                                        data: $('#add_form').serialize(),  // 将form表单的所有数据发给服务器端 | data: {'hostname': $('#host  ').val(), 'ip': $('#ip').val(), 'port': $('#port').val(), 'b_id': $('#sel').val()},                    success: function(data){  // 这里的data为服务端返回的数据                        var obj = JSON.parse(data); // 将字符串转换成对象                        if(obj.status){                            location.reload(); // 重新加载页面                        }else{                             $('#erro_msg').text(obj.error);                        }                    }                })            });                $('#cancel').click(function(){                $('.shade,.add-modal').addClass('hide');            });            $('.edit').click(function(){                $('.shade,.edit-modal').removeClass('hide');                var bid = $(this).parent().parent().attr('bid');  // 获取业务线id                var nid = $(this).parent().parent().attr('hid');                  $('#edit_form').find('select').val(bid); // 设置业务线的id                $('#edit_form').find('input[name="nid"]').val(nid);                /*                $.ajax({                    data: $('#edit_form').serialize()                });                */                // models.Host.objects.filter(nid=nid).update()            })        })    </script></body></html>
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多对多 

在多对多关系中,A 表中的一行可以匹配 B 表中的多行,反之亦然。要创建这种关系,需要定义第三个表,称为结合表,它的主键由 A 表和 B 表的外部键组成。

如:主机表 Host 和 应用程序表 Application具有多对多关系,一台主机可能跑多个应用程序,一个应用程序可能在多台主机上运行。HostToApp为结合表,Host和Application分别与HostToApp具有一对多的关系。

创建多对多关系数据表

方式一:自定义关系表

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#=== models.py ===from django.db import modelsclass Business(models.Model):    # id    caption = models.CharField(max_length=32)    code = models.CharField(max_length=32,null=True,default="SA")class Host(models.Model):    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)    hostname = models.CharField(max_length=32,db_index=True)    ip = models.GenericIPAddressField(protocol="ipv4",db_index=True)     port = models.IntegerField()    b = models.ForeignKey(to="Business", to_field='id')class Application(models.Model):    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)class HostToApp(models.Model):    H = models.ForeignKey(to='Host',to_field='nid')    A = models.ForeignKey(to='Application',to_field='id')
  # 可以自定义多个字段
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方式二:自动创建关系表 
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from django.db import models# Create your models here.class Business(models.Model):    # id    caption = models.CharField(max_length=32)    code = models.CharField(max_length=32,null=True,default="SA")    fk = models.ForeignKey('Foo')class Host(models.Model):    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)    hostname = models.CharField(max_length=32,db_index=True)    ip = models.GenericIPAddressField(protocol="ipv4",db_index=True)    port = models.IntegerField()    b = models.ForeignKey(to="Business", to_field='id')class Application(models.Model):    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)    r = models.ManyToManyField("Host")  

# 用两个类创建了三张表 ,第三张表最多生成3个字段
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自动创建的关系表无法直接对第三张表操作,但可以进行间接操作:

obj = Application.objects.get(id=1)
# 操作name字段
obj.name
# 操作第三张表
obj.r.add(1) # 在第三张表中增加 id=1,nid=1 
obj.r.add(2) # 在第三张表中增加 id=1,nid=2
obj.r.add(1,2) 或 obj.r.add(*[1,2]) # 同时增加多个关系
obj.r.remove(1)
obj.r.remove(1,2) 或 obj.r.remove(*[1,2]) # 同时删除多个关系
obj.r.clear() # 清除所有aid=1的关联
obj.r.set([3,5,7]) # 设置某几个关联,即update语句
obj.r.all() # QuerySet,所有相关的主机对象

建议:两种方式都用


示例:添加应用程序

#=== views.py ===

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from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirectfrom app01 import modelsimport json# 基于action提交Form表单数据的处理def app(request):    if request.method == "GET":        app_list = models.Application.objects.all()        # for row in app_list:        #     print(row.name,row.r.all())          host_list = models.Host.objects.all()        return render(request,'app.html',{"app_list": app_list,'host_list': host_list})    elif request.method == "POST":        app_name = request.POST.get('app_name')        host_list = request.POST.getlist('host_list')        print(app_name,host_list)        obj = models.Application.objects.create(name=app_name)        obj.r.add(*host_list)        return redirect('/app')# 基于ajax提交的表单数据处理def ajax_add_app(request):    ret = {'status':True, 'error':None, 'data': None}    app_name = request.POST.get('app_name')    host_list = request.POST.getlist('host_list')    obj = models.Application.objects.create(name=app_name)    obj.r.add(*host_list)    return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))   
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>    <meta charset="UTF-8">    <title></title>    <style>        .host-tag{            display: inline-block;            padding: 3px;            border: 1px solid red;            background-color: palevioletred;        }        .hide{            display: none;        }        .shade{            position: fixed;            top: 0;            right: 0;            left: 0;            bottom: 0;            background: black;            opacity: 0.6;            z-index: 100;        }        .add-modal,.edit-modal{            position: fixed;            height: 300px;            width: 400px;            top:100px;            left: 50%;            z-index: 101;            border: 1px solid red;            background: white;            margin-left: -200px;        }    </style></head><body>    <h1>应用列表</h1>     <div>        <input id="add_app" type="button" value="添加" />    </div>    <table border="1">        <thead>            <tr>                <td>应用名称</td>                <td>应用主机列表</td>            </tr>        </thead>        <tbody>            {% for app in app_list %}                <tr aid="{{ app.id }}">                    <td>{{ app.name }}</td>                    <!-- <td>{{ app.r.all }}</td> -->                    <td>                        {% for host in app.r.all %}                            <span class="host-tag" hid="{{ host.nid }}"> {{ host.hostname }} </span>                        {% endfor %}                    </td>                    <td>                        <a class="edit">编辑</a>                    </td>                </tr>            {% endfor %}        </tbody>    </table>    <div class="shade hide"></div>    <div class="add-modal hide">        <form id="add_form" method="POST" action="/app">            <div class="group">                <input id="app_name" type="text" placeholder="应用名称" name="app_name" />            </div>            <div class="group">                <select id="host_list" name="host_list" multiple>                    {% for op in host_list %}                        <option value="{{ op.nid }}">{{ op.hostname }}</option>                    {% endfor %}                </select>            </div>            <input type="submit" value="提交" />            <input id="add_submit_ajax" type="button" value="Ajax提交" />        </form>    </div>    <div class="edit-modal hide">        <form id="edit_form" method="POST" action="/host">                <input type="text" name="nid" style="display:none" />                <input type="text" placeholder="应用名称" name="app" />                <select name="host_list" multiple>                    {% for op in host_list %}                        <option value="{{ op.nid }}">{{ op.hostname }}</option>                    {% endfor %}                </select>            <a id="ajax_submit_edit" >确认编辑</a>        </form>    </div>     <script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script>    <script>        $(function(){            $('#add_app').click(function(){                $('.shade,.add-modal').removeClass('hide');            });            $('#cancel').click(function(){                $('.shade,.add-modal').addClass('hide');            });            $('#add_submit_ajax').click(function(){                $.ajax({                    url: '/ajax_add_app',                    // data: {'user': 123,'host_list': [1,2,3,4]},                    data: $('#add_form').serialize(),                     traditional: true,  // data: {'user': 123,'host_list': [1,2,3,4]}, 后台可以获取到列表                                        type: "POST",                    dataType: 'JSON', //                     success: function(obj){  // 此处不是字符串,返回一个对象                        console.log(obj);                    },                    error: function () {                        // 当后台发生未知错误时执行                    }                })            });            $('.edit').click(function(){                $('.edit-modal,.shade').removeClass('hide');                var hid_list = [];                $(this).parent().prev().children().each(function(){                    var hid = $(this).attr('hid');                    hid_list.push(hid)  // 追加                });                $('#edit_form').find('select').val(hid_list);                /* 如果发送到后台                obj = models.Application.objects.get(id=ai)                obj.name = "新Name"                obj.save()                obj.r.set([1,2,3,4])                */            })        })    </script></body></html>
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添加编辑的两种应用场景
1、模态对话框: 当数据量比较大时不适合用
2、新URL:博客园添加博客

不太会用,原文地址:bobo0609
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