vsftpd.conf配置文件详解

vsftp软件是我们常见的FTP服务器搭建软件，所有的配置都是基于/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf这个配置文件的。vsftpd.conf里面主要包括安全配置，传输，用户还有权限等相关的选项。下面详细介绍关于vsftp服务器的配置文件

CentOS 7中的vsftpd.conf配置文件

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf## The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.## READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's# capabilities.## Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).anonymous_enable=YES    <==设置是否允许匿名用户登录FTP服务器。默认为YES## Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dirlocal_enable=YES    <==是否允许本地用户登录FTP服务器。默认为NO## Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.write_enable=YES    <==是否对登录用户开启写权限。属全局性设置。默认NO## Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)local_umask=022    <==设置本地用户的文件生成umask为022。默认是077## Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access#anon_upload_enable=YES    <==是否允许匿名用户上传文件，默认为NO## Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create# new directories.#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES  <==是否允许匿名用户创建目录，默认为NO## Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they# go into a certain directory.dirmessage_enable=YES    <==设置是否显示目录消息。若设置为YES，进入目录时候将显示该目录中message_file配置文件（.message）中的内容## Activate logging of uploads/downloads.xferlog_enable=YES     <==是否启用FTP上传或下载日志记录。默认为NO## Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).connect_from_port_20=YES   <==是够允许主动模式FTP，默认为NO## If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not# recommended!#chown_uploads=YES    <==用于设置是否改变匿名用户上传的文档的属主。默认为NO。#chown_username=whoever   <==设置匿名用户上传的文档的属主名。只有chown_uploads=YES时才有效。默认为root（建议不要为root用户）## You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown# below.#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog    <==设置日志文件名及路径。需启用xferlog_enable选项## If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.xferlog_std_format=YES    <==日志文件是否使用标准的xferlog日志文件格式（与wu-ftpd使用的格式相同） 。默认为NO## You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.#idle_session_timeout=600    <==设置多长时间不对FTP服务器进行任何操作，则断开该FTP连接，单位为秒，默认为300## You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.#data_connection_timeout=120   <==设置建立FTP数据连接的超时时间，默认为300秒。## It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.#nopriv_user=ftpsecure    <==运行vsftpd需要的非特权系统用户，默认是nobody## Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,# however, may confuse older FTP clients.#async_abor_enable=YES    <==是否识别异步ABOR请求## By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the# raw file.# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.#ascii_upload_enable=YES    <==设置是否启用ASCII模式下载数据。默认为NO。#ascii_download_enable=YES    <==设置是否启用ASCII模式上传数据。默认为NO。## You may fully customise the login banner string:#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.    <==该配置项用于设置比较简短的欢迎信息。若欢迎信息较多，则可使用banner_file配置项## You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.#deny_email_enable=YES    <==黑名单设置。如果很讨厌某些email address，就可以使用此设定来取消他的登录权限# (default follows)#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails    <==当deny_email_enable=YES时，可以利用这个设定项来规定哪些邮件地址不可登录vsftpd服务器## You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of# users to NOT chroot().# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the# chroot)#chroot_local_user=YES   <==是否将实体用户限制在自己的家目录内,默认为NO#chroot_list_enable=YES   <==设置是否启用chroot_list_file配置项指定的用户列表文件，默认为NO# (default follows)#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list  <==用于指定用户列表文件，该文件用于控制哪些用户限制在家目录## You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.#ls_recurse_enable=YES    <==是否允许递归查询。默认为NO，以防止远程用户造成过量的I/O## When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction# with the listen_ipv6 directive.listen=NO   <==设置vsftpd服务器是否以standalone模式运行,默认为NO## This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration# files.# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!listen_ipv6=YES   <==是否监听ipv6地址，默认为NOpam_service_name=vsftpd    <==设置在PAM所使用的名称，默认值为vsftpduserlist_enable=YES    <==决定/etc/vsftpd/user_list文件是否启用生效。YES则生效，NO不生效tcp_wrappers=YES    <==用来设置vsftpd服务器是否与tcp wrapper相结合，进行主机的访问控制

除此之外，还有一些其它常用的控制选项

use_localtime=YES    <==是否使用本地时间，默认为NO（默认使用GMT时间）listen_port=21    <==vsftpd的端口号，默认为21pasv_enable=YES    <==是否启用数据的被动模式连接，默认为YESpasv_min_port=0    <==设置FTP被动模式连接的最小端口。默认为0，表示不受限制pasv_max_port=0    <==设置FTP被动模式连接的最大端口。默认为0，表示不受限制connect_timeout=60    <==PORT方式下建立数据连接的超时时间，单位为秒 ，默认为60accept_timeout=60      <==被动（PASV）数据连接的超时时间，单位为秒，默认值为60max_clients=0    <==vsftpd允许每个客户端的最大连接数，默认为0，表示不受限制max_per_ip=0    <==vsftpd允许每个IP的最大连接数，默认为0，表示不受限制local_max_rate=0    <==本地用户所能使用的最大传输速度。默认为0，表示不受限制anon_max_rate=0     <==匿名用户所能使用的最大传输速度。默认为0，表示不受限制anon_world_readable_only=YES    <==仅允许匿名用户具有下载可读文件的权限，默认为YESanon_other_write_enable=YES    <==是否允许匿名用户具有除了写之外的权限，包括删除与修改文件和目录，默认为NOftp_username=ftp            <==定义匿名用户的账户名称，默认值为ftp。no_anon_password=YES        <==匿名用户登录时是否询问口令。设置为YES，则询问。默认NOanon_umask=022              <==设置匿名用户新增文档的umask。默认077

userlist_enable和userlist _deny选项不同时

userlist_enable=YES && userlist_deny=YES    <==/etc/vsftpd/user_list中的用户禁止访问userlist_enable=YES && userlist_deny=NO     <==/etc/vsftpd/user_list中的用户允许访问

注意：/etc/vsftpd/ftpuser不受任何配制项的影响，它总是有效，它是一个黑名单。当userlist_enable=YES时，userlist_deny选项才会生效。当userlist_enable=YES，userlist_deny=YES时，user_list是一个黑名单；当userlist_enable=YES，userlist_deny=NO时，user_list是一个白名单。需要提醒的是，使用白名单后，匿名用户将无法登入！除非显式在user_list中加入一行：anonymous