python 基础

# coding=utf-8from math import sqrtfrom string import Templateimport copyif __name__ ==('__main__'):    #字符串不可变    stra = 'asdfg "" "" "" """"""As you name'    print stra[0]    #格式化输出    format = "hello %s i am %d years old"    values = ('InAHurry',12)    print format % values    #另外一种格式化输出的方法    s= Template('$x,you are who')    print(s.substitute(x='gjl'))    s=Template('${x}om')    print (s.substitute(x='m'))    s=Template('you are $name,your age is $age')    d={}    d['name']='gjl'    d['age']=12    print (s.substitute(d))    #字符串的方法    #1、寻找子串 并返回最左端索引    print stra.find('name',0,len(stra))    #2、join 将连接序列中的元素    print('-'.join(stra))    #3、lower capitalize    print stra.lower(),stra.capitalize()    #4、replace    print 4,stra.replace('"','')    #split    print stra.split(" ")    #字典dict    names = ['gjl','trans','sess','we']    nums=['032','003','134','135']    print nums[names.index('gjl')]    #字典可以使用 名字作为键值    nameNum ={        'gjl':'002',        'trans':'133',        'sess':'134',        "we":'135'    }    print nameNum['gjl']    """x=[]     x[42] = "xxx" 会出错 """    x = {}    x[42] = "ni shi shui"    #下面写一个保存人 电话和 地址信息的数据库    people ={        'alice':{            'phonenumber':'012',            'address':'xian'        },        'gjl':{             'phonenumber': '012',             'address': 'xian'         }    }    def findPeople():        name = raw_input("input your name:")        type = raw_input('input what you what to search phone number(p) or address(a)')        if people.has_key(name):            if type == 'p':                print people[name]['phonenumber']            elif type == 'a':                print people[name]['address']            else:                print 'please input right case'        else:            print 'no person '    #findPeople()    #字典方法之浅拷贝 从下面可以看出 will 和 willer 是俩个对象 但是 will[i] is willer[i]    will = ['hello',23,['q','w','e']]    willer = copy.copy(will)    print id(will)    print[id(ele) for ele in will]    print id(willer)    print [id(ele) for ele in willer]    willer[0] = 'hello world'    willer[2].append('r')    print willer    print id(willer)    print [id(ele) for ele in willer]    print will    print id(will)    print [id(ele) for ele in will]    #上面讲的是列表 其实dict 也是一样的    person = {        'name':'gjl',        "address":['121','122']    }    chinese =copy.copy(person)    chinese['address'].remove('121')    #这时候输出person 的值 肯定是被修改过的    print person,chinese    #在字典中使用迭代器 如果需要字典的键 keys 和iterkeys    it = person.iteritems()    for each in it:        print 107 ,each    print person.keys()    print 109,[ele for ele in person.iterkeys()]    #利用字典格式化字符串    print('your name is %(name)s you address is %(address)s' % person)    #利用 dict 初始化字典    sdict = dict(        {'name':'gjl'}    )    for each in sdict.iterkeys():        print each