Introduction To Ad-Hoc Commands:
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Introduction To Ad-Hoc Commands:在下面的例子中,我们将演示如何使用 /usr/bin/ansible 运行 ad hoc 任务.所谓ad-hoc 命令是什么呢？(这其实是一个概念性的名字,是相对于写Ansible playbook 来说的.类似于在命令行敲入shell命令和写shell scripts两者之间的关系)如果我们敲入一些命令比较快的完成一些事情,而不需要将这些执行的命令特别保存下来,这样的命令就叫做ad-hoc命令:Ansible提供两种方式去完成任务,一是ad-hoc命令,一是写Andisble playbook前者可以解决一些简单的任务,后者解决较复杂的任务。Parallelism and Shell Commands并行和shell命令:这里我们要使用Ansible的命令行工具来重启Atlanta组中所有的web服务器,每次重启10个: -u REMOTE_USER, --user=REMOTE_USER connect as this user (default=root)[root@node01 ~]# ansible webservers -a hostname192.168.137.3 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>node2[root@node01 ~]# ansible webservers -a hostname -u root192.168.137.3 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>node2[root@node01 ~]# ansible webservers -a hostname -u mqm192.168.137.3 | UNREACHABLE! => { "changed": false, "msg": "Failed to connect to the host via ssh: Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password).\r\n", "unreachable": true}在前面写出的命令中, -f 10 选项表示使用10个并行的进程。这个选项可以在 Ansible的配置文件 中设置,在配置文件中指定的话,就不用在命令行中写出了。ansible 有许多模块默认是'command',也就是命令模块,我们可以通过-m选项来指定不同的模块。在前面所示的例子中,因为我们是要在Atlanta组下的服务器中执行reboot命令command 模块不支持shell变量,也不支持管道等shell相关的东西。如果你想使用shell相关的这些东西,请使用'shell'模块,两个模块之前的差别请参考Fiel Transfer:这是/usr/bin/ansible的另一种用法,Ansible能够以并行的方式同时SCP大量的文件到多台机器$ ansible atlanta -m copy -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp/hosts"[root@node01 ~]# ansible webservers -m copy -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp/hosts"192.168.137.3 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "checksum": "a3d4bc64e2b269bffe14ec2e19308541b1d8d183", "dest": "/tmp/hosts", "failed": false, "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "b269d2b01e6746e5310b7f7d5e699735", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "size": 181, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1510552624.24-224464626846698/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0}此时的权限为root:root:node2:/root#ls -ltr /tmp/total 16drwx------ 3 root root 4096 Oct 9 01:15 par-726f6f74lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 24 Nov 13 00:39 mysql.sock -> /data01/mysql/mysql.sock-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11 Dec 4 00:18 hello.worlddrwx------ 2 root root 4096 Dec 6 05:51 pip-EHe6bt-unpack-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 181 Dec 9 18:35 hosts使用file 模块可以做到修改文件的属主和权限(在这里是可替换为copy模块,是等效的):[root@node01 ~]# ansible webservers -m file -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp/hosts mode=600"192.168.137.3 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "failed": false, "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0600", "owner": "root", "path": "/tmp/hosts", "size": 181, "state": "file", "uid": 0}node2:/root#ls -ltr /tmp/total 16drwx------ 3 root root 4096 Oct 9 01:15 par-726f6f74lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 24 Nov 13 00:39 mysql.sock -> /data01/mysql/mysql.sock-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11 Dec 4 00:18 hello.worlddrwx------ 2 root root 4096 Dec 6 05:51 pip-EHe6bt-unpack-rw------- 1 root root 181 Dec 9 18:35 hostsYou have mail in /var/spool/mail/root[root@node01 ~]# ansible webservers -m file -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp/hosts mode=700 owner=mqm group=mqm"192.168.137.3 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "failed": false, "gid": 500, "group": "mqm", "mode": "0700", "owner": "mqm", "path": "/tmp/hosts", "size": 181, "state": "file", "uid": 500}使用file模块也可以创建目录,于执行mkdir -p 效果类似:$ ansible webservers -m file -a "dest=/tmp/tlcb mode=755 owner=mqm group=mqm state=directory"[root@node01 ~]# ansible webservers -m file -a "dest=/tmp/tlcb mode=755 owner=mqm group=mqm state=directory"192.168.137.3 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "failed": false, "gid": 500, "group": "mqm", "mode": "0755", "owner": "mqm", "path": "/tmp/tlcb", "size": 4096, "state": "directory", "uid": 500}管理包:确认一个软件包已经安装,但不去升级它:[root@node01 ~]# ansible webservers -m yum -a "name=acme state=present"192.168.137.3 | FAILED! => { "changed": false, "failed": true, "msg": "python2 bindings for rpm are needed for this module. python2 yum module is needed for this module"}[root@node01 ~]# ansible webservers -m yum -a "name=acme state=absent"192.168.137.3 | FAILED! => { "changed": false, "failed": true, "msg": "python2 bindings for rpm are needed for this module. python2 yum module is needed for this module"}115.236.19.4 | SUCCESS => { "changed": false, "failed": false, "msg": "", "rc": 0, "results": [ "acme is not installed" ]}阅读全文
