108. Convert Sorted Array to Binary Search Tree
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Given an array where elements are sorted in ascending order, convert it to a height balanced BST.
For this problem, a height-balanced binary tree is defined as a binary tree in which the depth of the two subtrees of every node never differ by more than 1.
Example:
Given the sorted array: [-10,-3,0,5,9],One possible answer is: [0,-3,9,-10,null,5], which represents the following height balanced BST: 0 / \ -3 9 / / -10 5因为BST是有序的,比当前节点小的都放在左子树,比当前节点大的都放在右子树,然后要求是balanced,左右子树的深度不能相差超过1,所以考虑用二分的方法,每次找vector中间的数作为根,然后把左半边的vector作为左子树,继续找中间的数;右半边的vector作为右子树,继续找中间的数。。。依次类推,构建出一棵树。
大体思路是清晰的,但是细节还是有很多问题。
1 使用递归,构建当前子树然后返回根
2 mid = (low + high + 1) / 2, 一定要记得+1,不然到最后的边界会有问题
3 递归函数的参数如何选择,需要用mid - 1代替high, mid+1 代替low,不然会有节点重复的现象
4 什么时候终止递归,这个很重要,每次想的都不是太清楚。这道题是当mid == low时直接把左子树设为NULL,而不继续调用递归函数;当mid == high 时,把右子树设为NULL,而不继续调用递归函数。
用例子 [-10, -3, 0, 5, 9] 做一个状态转移,分析一下边界问题,和终止条件:
代码如下:
/** * Definition for a binary tree node. * struct TreeNode { * int val; * TreeNode *left; * TreeNode *right; * TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {} * }; */class Solution {public: TreeNode* builtTree(vector<int> nums, int low, int high) { int mid = (high + low + 1) / 2; //remember to +1 or mid will be wrong TreeNode* root = new TreeNode(nums[mid]); if (mid == low) root->left = NULL; // terminal condition else root->left = builtTree(nums, low, mid - 1); // mid - 1 instead of mid or node will repeat if (mid == high) root->right = NULL; // terminal condition else root->right = builtTree(nums, mid + 1, high); // mid + 1 same as mid - 1 return root; } TreeNode* sortedArrayToBST(vector<int>& nums) { if (nums.size() == 0) return NULL; if (nums.size() == 1) { TreeNode* root = new TreeNode(nums[0]); return root; } return builtTree(nums, 0, nums.size() - 1); }};
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