opencv 图像元素

访问图像元素

• 假设需要读取在i行j列像点的第k通道. 其中, 行数i的范围为[0, height-1], 列数j的范围为[0, width-1], 通道k的范围为[0, nchannels-1].
• 间接存取: (比较通用, 但效率低, 可读取任一类型图像数据)
  • 对单通道字节图像:

    IplImage* img=cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_8U,1);
    CvScalar s;
    s=cvGet2D(img,i,j); // get the (i,j) pixel value
    printf("intensity=%f/n",s.val[0]);
    s.val[0]=111;
    cvSet2D(img,i,j,s); // set the (i,j) pixel value
    

  • 对多通道浮点或字节图像:

    IplImage* img=cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_32F,3);
    CvScalar s;
    s=cvGet2D(img,i,j); // get the (i,j) pixel value
    printf("B=%f, G=%f, R=%f/n",s.val[0],s.val[1],s.val[2]);
    s.val[0]=111;
    s.val[1]=111;
    s.val[2]=111;
    cvSet2D(img,i,j,s); // set the (i,j) pixel value
    

• 直接存取: (效率高, 但容易出错)
  • 对单通道字节图像:

    IplImage* img=cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_8U,1);
    ((uchar *)(img->imageData + i*img->widthStep))[j]=111;
    

  • 对多通道字节图像:

    IplImage* img=cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_8U,3);
    ((uchar *)(img->imageData + i*img->widthStep))[j*img->nChannels + 0]=111; // B
    ((uchar *)(img->imageData + i*img->widthStep))[j*img->nChannels + 1]=112; // G
    ((uchar *)(img->imageData + i*img->widthStep))[j*img->nChannels + 2]=113; // R
    

  • 对多通道浮点图像:

    IplImage* img=cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_32F,3);
    ((float *)(img->imageData + i*img->widthStep))[j*img->nChannels + 0]=111; // B
    ((float *)(img->imageData + i*img->widthStep))[j*img->nChannels + 1]=112; // G
    ((float *)(img->imageData + i*img->widthStep))[j*img->nChannels + 2]=113; // R
    

• 用指针直接存取 : (在某些情况下简单高效)
  • 对单通道字节图像:

    IplImage* img  = cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_8U,1);
    int height     = img->height;
    int width      = img->width;
    int step       = img->widthStep/sizeof(uchar);
    uchar* data    = (uchar *)img->imageData;
    data[i*step+j] = 111;
    

  • 对多通道字节图像:

    IplImage* img  = cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_8U,3);
    int height     = img->height;
    int width      = img->width;
    int step       = img->widthStep/sizeof(uchar);
    int channels   = img->nChannels;
    uchar* data    = (uchar *)img->imageData;
    data[i*step+j*channels+k] = 111;
    

  • 对单通道浮点图像(假设用4字节调整):

    IplImage* img  = cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_32F,3);
    int height     = img->height;
    int width      = img->width;
    int step       = img->widthStep/sizeof(float);
    int channels   = img->nChannels;
    float * data    = (float *)img->imageData;
    data[i*step+j*channels+k] = 111;
    

• 使用 c++ wrapper 进行直接存取: (简单高效)
  • 对单/多通道字节图像，多通道浮点图像定义一个 c++ wrapper:

    template<class T> class Image
    {
      private:
      IplImage* imgp;
      public:
      Image(IplImage* img=0) {imgp=img;}
      ~Image(){imgp=0;}
      void operator=(IplImage* img) {imgp=img;}
      inline T* operator[](const int rowIndx) {
        return ((T *)(imgp->imageData + rowIndx*imgp->widthStep));}
    };
    
    typedef struct{
      unsigned char b,g,r;
    } RgbPixel;
    
    typedef struct{
      float b,g,r;
    } RgbPixelFloat;
    
    typedef Image<RgbPixel>       RgbImage;
    typedef Image<RgbPixelFloat>  RgbImageFloat;
    typedef Image<unsigned char>  BwImage;
    typedef Image<float>          BwImageFloat;
    

  • 单通道字节图像:

    IplImage* img=cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_8U,1);
    BwImage imgA(img);
    imgA[i][j] = 111;
    

  • 多通道字节图像:

    IplImage* img=cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_8U,3);
    RgbImage  imgA(img);
    imgA[i][j].b = 111;
    imgA[i][j].g = 111;
    imgA[i][j].r = 111;
    

  • 多通道浮点图像:

    IplImage* img=cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_32F,3);
    RgbImageFloat imgA(img);
    imgA[i][j].b = 111;
    imgA[i][j].g = 111;
    imgA[i][j].r = 111;