移植Linux2.6.24.7到博创2410-S(s3c2410s),包括AX88796移植

来源：互联网发布：acdown mac版编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/05/16 23:54

一、下载并解压Linux2.6.24.7内核源码
从网上下载linux-2.6.24.7内核源码到/arm2410s目录下，并解压

#tar xzvf linux2.6.24.7.tar.gz
# cd linux2.6.24.7
进入内核解压后的目录

注：以后示例中，只要是相对路径全部是相对于/arm2410s/linux2.6.24.7/此目录

二、修改内核源码根目录下的Makefile文件

#vi Makefile

修改Makefile中的ARCH和CROSS_COMPILE变量，修改为

ARCH = arm
CROSS_COMPILE = arm-linux- //该值是交叉编译器的前缀，具体值因人而异

注：arm和arm-linux-后面不能有空格，否则make menuconfig时会出现“/arm2410s/linux-2.6.24.7/arch/arm: 是一个目录”错误。

三、设置nand flash分区信息

修改arch/arm/plat-s3c24xx/common-smdk.c文件，修改Nand Flash的分区信息和Nand Flash的硬件信息（这部分信息应该与vivi中的flash（mtd）分区对应起来，不可随便设置）。

（LED 器件的初始化也在这个文件里，但是博创的平台没有那四个LED管，所以要不要那些程序都无所谓。我就把它们放在那里，反正启动时不会有影响，也没有出错信息。）

修改的内容如下：

static struct mtd_partition smdk_default_nand_part[] = {

[0] = {

.name = "vivi",

.size = SZ_128K,

.offset = 0,

[1] = {

.name = "param",

.offset = SZ_128K,

.size = SZ_1M-SZ_128K,

[2] = {

.name = "kernel",

.offset = SZ_1M,

.size = SZ_1M * 3,

[3] = {

.name = "root",

.offset = SZ_4M,

.size = SZ_4M * 5,

[4] = {

.name = "user",

.offset = SZ_4M * 6,

.size = SZ_4M * 10,

};

注意：请不要画蛇添足地在进行自定义nand flash分区时仍然按照以前内核的移植步骤，在devs.c中自己添加分区信息，不然系统启动时会有出错信息:

kobject_add failed for s3c2410-nand with -EEXIST, don't try to register things with the same name in the same directory.
[<c00290a8>] (dump_stack+0x0/0x14) from [<c0110a9c>] (kobject_shadow_add+0x160/0x1a8)
[<c011093c>] (kobject_shadow_add+0x0/0x1a8) from [<c0110af8>] (kobject_add+0x14/0x18)
[<c0110ae4>] (kobject_add+0x0/0x18) from [<c015117c>] (device_add+0xa0/0x568)
[<c01510dc>] (device_add+0x0/0x568) from [<c0155180>] (platform_device_add+0x100/0x150)
[<c0155080>] (platform_device_add+0x0/0x150) from [<c01551f0>] (platform_device_register+0x20/0x24)
r7:c0022a10 r6:c0020a1c r5:00000000 r4:c02cab30
[<c01551d0>] (platform_device_register+0x0/0x24) from [<c01553f8>] (platform_add_devices+0x24/0x6c)
r4:00000000
[<c01553d4>] (platform_add_devices+0x0/0x6c) from [<c0011df4>] (smdk_machine_init+0x84/0x98)
r8:c03b8000 r7:00000000 r6:c0020a1c r5:00000000 r4:c0021404
[<c0011d70>] (smdk_machine_init+0x0/0x98) from [<c0011178>] (smdk2410_init+0x1c/0x24)
[<c001115c>] (smdk2410_init+0x0/0x24) from [<c000f0bc>] (customize_machine+0x20/0x2c)
[<c000f09c>] (customize_machine+0x0/0x2c) from [<c0008914>] (kernel_init+0xb8/0x284)
[<c000885c>] (kernel_init+0x0/0x284) from [<c003d688>] (do_exit+0x0/0x76c)

我一开始就犯了这个毛病。具体情况请参阅：http://blog.chinaunix.net/u/17218/showart_262438.html以及/arch/arm/plat-s3c24xx文件夹下的common-smdk.c和devs.c。

四、禁止nand flash的ECC校验

修改文件drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2410.c文件，查找函数s3c2410_nand_init_chip(),在函数的最后一行，添加chip->ecc.mode=NAND_ECC_NONE;

五、支持启动时挂载devfs

Devfs是linux-2.6.12及其以前版本的设备文件系统，但是在linux-2.6.13及其以后的版本中用得是udev。但是，为了能够使内核能够支持devfs以及在启动时并在/sbin/init运行之前能自动挂载/dev为devfs文件系统，修改fs/Kconfig文件，修改方式如下：

查找menu “Pseudo filesystems”

在其后添加以下内容：

#add code -->

config DEVFS_FS

bool "/dev file system support (OBSOLETE)"

default y

config DEVFS_MOUNT

bool "Automatically mount at boot"

default y

depends on DEVFS_FS

#add code --

六、增加yaffs2文件系统的支持

1、下载Yaffs2
URL:http://www.aleph1.co.uk/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/

2、解压Yaffs2并将其加入Linux内核（打补丁的方式）
#tar xzvf yaffs2.tar.gz

#cd yaffs2
#./patch-ker.sh c /arm2410s/linux-2.6.24.7/

七、博创2410－S所配网卡AX88796（NE2000兼容网卡）驱动的移植。

1、修改arch/arm/Kconfig文件，增加ISA总线支持，使其在make menuconfig 时出现NE2000的网卡配置选项。

config ARCH_S3C2410

bool "Samsung S3C2410, S3C2412, S3C2413, S3C2440, S3C2442, S3C2443"

select GENERIC_GPIO

select ISA #add code

help

Samsung S3C2410X CPU based systems, such as the Simtec Electronics

BAST (<http://www.simtec.co.uk/products/EB110ITX/>), the IPAQ 1940 or

the Samsung SMDK2410 development board (and derivatives).

2、修改include/asm-arm/arch-s3c2410/map.h文件。加入AX88796的地址映射。

/**********************add code********************/

#define S3C2410_VA_ISA_NET S3C2410_ADDR(0x02100000)

#define S3C2410_PA_ISA_NET __phys_to_pfn(0x10000000)

#define S3C2410_SZ_ISA_NET SZ_1M

/**********************add code********************/

说明：

a、根据网上的资料，“#define S3C2410_VA_ISA_NET S3C2410_ADDR(0x02100000)”的地址可以自己修改，只要不和别的虚拟地址冲突就行。我有试过将起改成“#define S3C2410_VA_ISA_NET (0xd1000000)”，也就是博创的2.4.18的定义，也可以正常启动。

b、“#define S3C2410_PA_ISA_NET __phys_to_pfn(0x10000000)”这句困扰了我很久。一开始我的定义是“#define S3C2410_PA_ISA_NET (0x10000000)”，所以启动后系统就死在了网卡的初始化上，出现“Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ”的错误。后来我上网查找资料，才知道：原来实地址与虚地址的映射结构 smdk2410_iodesc 里有所变化。第二个参数从原来的 unsigned long physical 变为 unsigned long pfn （Page Frame Number 页帧号）。而从 smdk2410_iodesc 传入的S3C2410_PA_ISA_NET 仍然是一个 physical 值，因此出现以上的错误。只要在物理地址前加上“__phys_to_pfn”就可以解决这个问题。较详细的讲解请看我的参考资料

3、修改arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/mach-smdk2410.c文件。在smdk2410_iodesc 中加入AX88796的地址信息。

static struct map_desc smdk2410_iodesc[] __initdata = {

/* nothing here yet */

/**********************add code********************/

{

.virtual = S3C2410_VA_ISA_NET,

.pfn = S3C2410_PA_ISA_NET,

.length = S3C2410_SZ_ISA_NET,

.type = MT_DEVICE,

}

/**********************add code********************/

};

4、修改网卡驱动的主要文件drivers/net/ne.c

（1）、添加头文件和定义

#include <asm/system.h>

#include <asm/io.h>

/**********************add code********************/

#include <linux/irq.h>

#include <asm/arch-s3c2410/map.h>

#include <asm/arch-s3c2410/regs-mem.h>

#include <asm/arch-s3c2410/irqs.h>

#include <asm/arch-s3c2410/hardware.h>

#include <asm/arch-s3c2410/regs-gpio.h>

#define AX88796_BASE (vAX88796_BASE+0x200)

#define AX88796_IRQ IRQ_EINT2

#define pAX88796_BASE S3C2410_PA_ISA_NET

#define vAX88796_BASE S3C2410_VA_ISA_NET

#define EXTINT_OFF (IRQ_EINT4 - 4)

/**********************add code********************/

......

在static struct { const char *name8, *name16; unsigned char SAprefix[4];}

bad_clone_list[] __initdata 中增加AX88796 的MAC地址前三位（不一定需要）:

{"AX88796", "NE2000-compatible", {0x08, 0x08, 0x08}}, //add code

（2)、确保定义总线宽度为16位。

将

#if defined(CONFIG_PLAT_MAPPI)

# define DCR_VAL 0x4b

#elif defined(CONFIG_PLAT_OAKS32R) || /

defined(CONFIG_TOSHIBA_RBTX4927) || defined(CONFIG_TOSHIBA_RBTX4938)

# define DCR_VAL 0x48 /* 8-bit mode */

#else

# define DCR_VAL 0x49

#endif

修改为

#if 0

#if defined(CONFIG_PLAT_MAPPI)

# define DCR_VAL 0x4b

#elif defined(CONFIG_PLAT_OAKS32R) || /

defined(CONFIG_TOSHIBA_RBTX4927) || defined(CONFIG_TOSHIBA_RBTX4938)

# define DCR_VAL 0x48 /* 8-bit mode */

#else

#endif

# define DCR_VAL 0x49

(3)、在do_ne_probe函数中增加配置总线参数、基地址和中断的语句（其参数参考刘淼的书）

static int __init do_ne_probe(struct net_device *dev)

{

unsigned long base_addr = dev->base_addr;

#ifdef NEEDS_PORTLIST

int orig_irq = dev->irq;

#endif

/**********************add code********************/

static int once=0;

if (once) {

return -ENXIO;

}

unsigned int value;

value = __raw_readl(S3C2410_BWSCON);

value &= ~(S3C2410_BWSCON_WS2|S3C2410_BWSCON_ST2|S3C2410_BWSCON_DW2_32);

value |= (S3C2410_BWSCON_ST2|S3C2410_BWSCON_DW2_16);

__raw_writel(value, S3C2410_BWSCON);

value=0;

__raw_writel(value,S3C2410_BANKCON2);

set_irq_type(AX88796_IRQ,IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_LOW );

s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPF2, S3C2410_GPF2_EINT2);

s3c2410_gpio_pullup(S3C2410_GPF2, 0);

if(base_addr==0){

dev->base_addr = base_addr = AX88796_BASE ;

dev->irq = AX88796_IRQ;

once++;

}

/**********************add code********************/

SET_MODULE_OWNER(dev);

/* First check any supplied i/o locations. User knows best. <cough> */

if (base_addr > 0x1ff) /* Check a single specified location. */

return ne_probe1(dev, base_addr);

else if (base_addr != 0) /* Don't probe at all. */

return -ENXIO;

......

(4)、修改ne_probe1函数

增加自定义的网卡MAC地址（这个地址可以自行修改，但是MAC也有一定的规则，最重要的是千万不要把它配置为广播或组播地址，请参考网络的相关书籍）：

static int __init ne_probe1(struct net_device *dev, unsigned long ioaddr)

{

int i;

unsigned char ne_defethaddr[]={0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x12,0x27,0}; //add code

unsigned char SA_prom[32];

int wordlength = 2;

......

增加网卡MAC地址的配置语句，屏蔽通过EEPROM配置网卡的语句

......

struct {unsigned char value, offset; } program_seq[] =

{

{E8390_NODMA+E8390_PAGE0+E8390_STOP, E8390_CMD}, /* Select page 0*/

{0x48, EN0_DCFG}, /* Set byte-wide (0x48) access. */

{0x00, EN0_RCNTLO}, /* Clear the count regs. */

{0x00, EN0_RCNTHI},

{0x00, EN0_IMR}, /* Mask completion irq. */

{0xFF, EN0_ISR},

{E8390_RXOFF, EN0_RXCR}, /* 0x20 Set to monitor */

{E8390_TXOFF, EN0_TXCR}, /* 0x02 and loopback mode. */

{32, EN0_RCNTLO},

{0x00, EN0_RCNTHI},

{0x00, EN0_RSARLO}, /* DMA starting at 0x0000. */

{0x00, EN0_RSARHI},

{E8390_RREAD+E8390_START, E8390_CMD},

};

for (i = 0; i < sizeof(program_seq)/sizeof(program_seq[0]); i++)

outb_p(program_seq[i].value, ioaddr + program_seq[i].offset);

}

/**********************add code********************/

{

unsigned char *ep;

ep = (unsigned char * ) &ne_defethaddr[0];

ne_defethaddr[5]++;

for(i=0;i<6;i++) {

SA_prom[i] = ep[i];

}

SA_prom[14] = SA_prom[15]=0x57;

wordlength =2;

}

/**********************add code********************/

#if 0 //add code

for(i = 0; i < 32 /*sizeof(SA_prom)*/; i+=2) {

SA_prom[i] = inb(ioaddr + NE_DATAPORT);

SA_prom[i+1] = inb(ioaddr + NE_DATAPORT);

if (SA_prom[i] != SA_prom[i+1])

wordlength = 1;

}

#endif //add code

if (wordlength == 2)

{

#if 0 //add code

for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)

SA_prom[i] = SA_prom[i+i];

/* We must set the 8390 for word mode. */

outb_p(DCR_VAL, ioaddr + EN0_DCFG);

start_page = NESM_START_PG;

* Realtek RTL8019AS datasheet says that the PSTOP register

* shouldn't exceed 0x60 in 8-bit mode.

* This chip can be identified by reading the signature from

* the remote byte count registers (otherwise write-only)...

if ((DCR_VAL & 0x01) == 0 && /* 8-bit mode */

inb(ioaddr + EN0_RCNTLO) == 0x50 &&

inb(ioaddr + EN0_RCNTHI) == 0x70)

stop_page = 0x60;

else

stop_page = NESM_STOP_PG;

#endif //add code

/**********************add code********************/

outb_p(0x49, ioaddr + EN0_DCFG);

start_page = NESM_START_PG;

stop_page = NESM_STOP_PG;

/**********************add code********************/

} else {

start_page = NE1SM_START_PG;

stop_page = NE1SM_STOP_PG;

}

......

屏蔽自定检测中断号的语句(参考刘淼的书)：

......

#if 0 //add code

if (dev->irq < 2)

{

unsigned long cookie = probe_irq_on();

outb_p(0x50, ioaddr + EN0_IMR); /* Enable one interrupt. */

outb_p(0x00, ioaddr + EN0_RCNTLO);

outb_p(0x00, ioaddr + EN0_RCNTHI);

outb_p(E8390_RREAD+E8390_START, ioaddr); /* Trigger it... */

mdelay(10); /* wait 10ms for interrupt to propagate */

outb_p(0x00, ioaddr + EN0_IMR); /* Mask it again. */

dev->irq = probe_irq_off(cookie);

if (ei_debug > 2)

printk(" autoirq is %d/n", dev->irq);

} else if (dev->irq == 2)

/* Fixup for users that don't know that IRQ 2 is really IRQ 9,

or don't know which one to set. */

dev->irq = 9;

#endif //add code

if (! dev->irq) {

printk(" failed to detect IRQ line./n");

ret = -EAGAIN;

goto err_out;

}

七、配置内核

1、载入s3c2410的默认配置文件，以简化配置过程

# cp arch/arm/configs/s3c2410_defconfig .config

# make menuconfig
2、手动配置内核，在s3c2410_defconfig基础上，增加以下配置选项：

General setup >

[*] Configure standard kernel features (for small systems) >

选上这项，否则文件系统中的一些选项不会出现

Loadable module support >

[*] Enable loadable module support

[*] Automatic kernel module loading

System Type >

[*] S3C2410 DMA support

Boot options >

Default kernel command string:noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock3 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200 mem=64M

注：

mtdblock3代表第5个flash分区，用来作根文件系统rootfs；

console=ttySAC0,115200使kernel启动期间的信息全部输出到串口0上，波特率为115200；

2.6内核对于串口的命名改为ttySAC0，但这不影响用户空间的串口编程。

用户空间的串口编程针对的仍是/dev/ttyS0等

mem=64M表示内存是64M，如果是32则设为32M

Networking --->
Networking options --->

<*> Packet socket

[*] Packet socket: mmapped IO

Floating point emulation >

[*] NWFPE math emulation

Device Drivers >

Network device support --->

Memory Technology Devices (MTD) >

[*] MTD partitioning support

[*] Command line partition table parsing

RAM/ROM/Flash chip drivers >

<*> Detect flash chips by Common Flash Interface (CFI) probe

<*> Detect nonCFI AMD/JEDECcompatible flash chips

<*> Support for Intel/Sharp flash chips

<*> Support for AMD/Fujitsu flash chips

<*> Support for ROM chips in bus mapping

NAND Flash Device Drivers >

<*> NAND Device Support

<*> NAND Flash support for S3C2410/S3C2440 SoC

Character devices >

[*] Nonstandard serial port support

[*] S3C2410 RTC Driver

File systems >

<> Second extended fs support #去除对ext2的支持

Pseudo filesystems >

[*] /proc file system support

[*] Virtual memory file system support (former shm fs)

[*] /dev file system support (OBSOLETE)

[*] Automatically mount at boot (NEW)

#这里会看到我们前先修改fs/Kconfig的成果，devfs已经被支持上了

Miscellaneous filesystems >

<*> Compressed ROM file system support (cramfs)

<*> YAFFS2 file system support #支持yaffs2

[*] Lets Yaffs do its own ECC

Network File Systems >

<*> NFS file system support

--以下最好选上，因为在挂载NFS时可能出现protocol不支持的情况--

[*]Provide NFSv3 client support

[*]Provide client support for the NFSv3 ACL protocol extension

[*] Provide NFSv4 client support (EXPERIMENTAL)

[*] Allow direct I/O on NFS files

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

[ ] NFS server support

[*] Root file system on NFS

Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit) --->

“N”掉< > DM9000 support和< > Generic Media Independent Interface device support

－－－－－－－以下一定要选上，是AX88796的驱动－－－－－－

[*] Other ISA cards

<*> NE2000/NE1000 support

保存退出，产生.config文件。

八、编译内核

1) 内核的编译操作

#make menuconfig 配置编译选项

#make dep 提供变量依赖关系信息

#make clean 删除生成的模块和目标文件

#make zImage 编译内核生成压缩的映像

#make modules 编译模块

#make modules_install 安装编译完成的模块

2) 生成压缩的内核映像

#make dep

#make zImage

至此，内核的编译工作完成，在arch/arm/boot目录下生成了zImage文件，即为压缩的内核映像。

最后，将内核镜像烧写到博创arm2410s开发板上，启动正常，网卡也正常

本文一大部分内容是借鉴移植Linux2.6.22.2到博创2410-S

http://blog.chinaunix.net/u1/34474/showart_369449.html